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UH72 / Aeromed > Spacial disorientation > Flashcards

Spacial disorientation Flashcards

1
Q

*

What’s spatial disorientation ?

A

Pilot’s erroneous perception of position, attitude or motion in relation to gravitational vertical and the earth’s surface

how to define the difference from orientation illusion (gravitational + earth surface)

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2
Q

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What’s orientation illusion ?

A

False perception of position or motion caused by the misidentification of orientation information

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3
Q

What’s DVE

A

“Degraded visual enviroment”

brownout

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4
Q

Which flight conditions are most known for causing spatial disorientation ?

A

Hovering or flying at night with a lack of visual cues

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5
Q

What’s the 3 types of spatial disorientation ?

A

1 Unrecognized
2 Recognized
3 Incapacitating

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6
Q

What two “modes” does the visual system consist of and what are the used for ?

A

Focal vision ( object recongnition and identification, allows us to see colors )

Ambient (peripheral) vision ( Detect attitude, motion & cues - enviroment)

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7
Q

What’s the 3 systems intergrated to maintain equilibrium and balance ?

A

Visual, vestibular & somatosensory systems

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8
Q

Which sensory system get’s you into most trouble in aviation

A

Vestibular system

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9
Q

What’s the function of the vestibular system ?

A

Visual tracking
Moving head but eyes staying focused
Reflex information
Body reaction unconscious
orientation without vision
Walking to bathroom at night in the dark

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10
Q

What’s the functions of the semicircular canals ?

vestibular system

A

Detects change in both speed and direction

Detects yaw, pitch and roll

Contains fluid

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11
Q

What are the functions of the otolith organs

A

Change in speed without change in direction (tænk børster der tilter)

(stimulated by gravity and linear movements)

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12
Q

Which type of inertia force is the otolith organs sensitive to ?

A

Linear (change in speed)

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13
Q

What’s the somatosensory system

A

The system that reactes to sensations resulting from force or pressure (skin, muscels ect.)

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14
Q

Why can’t you rely only on the somatosensory system ?

A

Because the feeling of a 90 degree bank in the dark can’t detect if it’s to the right or left

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15
Q

What’s vection and what kind of illusion is it ?

A

Induced motion

Falsely perceived motion

(sensory illusion)

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16
Q

What do you use the abbreviation ICCHAFFSS for ?

A

Sensory illusions within the aviation enviroment

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17
Q

What does ICCHAFFSS stand for ?

A

Induced motion
Confusion with ground lights
Crater illusion
Height persption illusion
Autokinesis
False horizon
Fasination/fixation
Structural illusion
Size distance illusion

18
Q

What’s the “confusion with ground light” problem ?

A

Mistake groundlight for starts or starts for groundlight

19
Q

What’s the problem with “Crater illusion”

A

Sensation that you are landing into a crater (caused by search light)

20
Q

What the problem with “Height persption illusion”

A

DVE - pilot loses sight of ground
Pilot misjudge altitude

21
Q

What the problem with “autokinesis” ?

A

Primary occurs at night and pilot can see things (stars) move if visually ficating on it for some seconds

( at night you can loose sight of aircrafts, lights, in the sky )

22
Q

What’s the problem with “Size-distance-illusion” ?

A

If you are used to land at a wide runway and have to land at a narrow - you think that you are too high

23
Q

What sensation can an upsloping runway give ?

A

What you are too high

you see more of the runway which gives you the sendation of being high

24
Q

What illusion/understanding can fog/haze give to an object?

A

That it’s further away

25
Q

What visual illusion can be caused by tall wavy grass ?

A

induced motion

26
Q

What’s the 2 vestibular illusions and where in the ear does each happen?

A

Somatogyral (semicircular canals) & somatogravic (Otolith organs)

27
Q

Which is the most common form of spacial disorientation ?

A

The Leans
Occurs when a pilot fails to perceive angular motion

You can find yourself in a bank withour knowing about it

28
Q

What’s this most deadly illusion, and why?

A

Coriolis illusion (type 3 SD)

May occur during prolonged turns

29
Q

How can you prevent coriolis illusion ?

A

Not moving head rapidly in a turn

30
Q

Name the somatogravic illusions

A

G - Excess
Occurs when sustained G of > 1G
Change in magnitude
Pilot overbanks

Elevator
Up or downshit of aircraft
Pilot erroneously corrects

31
Q

What are somatogravic illusions caused by ?

A

Caused when changes in gravity or linear acceleration and deceleration stimulate the otolith organ

32
Q

How to prevent SD ?

A

Training
Fly either VMC & IMC
Trust instruments
Avoid DEATH factors
Aircrew coordination

33
Q

Name the 3 dynamics of SD ?

A

Visual dominance
Vestibular suppresion
Vestibular opportunism

34
Q

Which of the vistibular systems can cause Coriolis and the leans

A

The semicircular canals

35
Q

Which vestibular illusion come from a stimulence in the semicircular canals ?

A

Somatogyral

36
Q

Which vestibular illusion come from a stimulence of the otolith organs ?

A

Somatogravic

37
Q

Which somatogravis illusions are there are what are they caused by ?

A

G-exess (can cause overbank - false pitch sensation)
Elevator (may pitch nose down because +Gz gives a climb sensation)

Caused by otolith organs

38
Q

What type of SD would the coriolis illusion most likely cause ?

A

Type 3

39
Q

Name the somatogyral illusions

A

The leans
Graveyard spin
Coriolis

40
Q

Whats the most dangerous SD type?

A

Type 1 (unrecognized)

41
Q

What is DVE

A

Degraded visual environment is a State of reduced visibility

42
Q

What SD risk factors can be readily and continually assessed?

A

Task saturation
Meteorological conditions conducive to DVE
Decreasing flight visibility
Lack of visual cues

UH72 / Aeromed (10 decks)

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