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CMS Advanced Old World 2016 > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

1
Q

How many ha under the vine in Spain?

A

0.95 million ha; 50 million hl; country with biggest acreage under the vine

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2
Q

What is Vino de la Tierra; VT or VdT?

A

“Wine of the country”. The quality level just above Vino de Mesa, this designation emulates France’s Vins de Pays and offers a wine of a particular place, but with few requirements of grape varieties, yields, site, or, especially, aging. As of 2012, there are 46 VTs.

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3
Q

What are Vinos de Pagos?

A

Top quality wines from single estates but are not necessarily higher quality than DO or DOCa wines. These wines must be from single estates and produced on the estate; so producers who buy in grapes or whose winery is not on this estate cannot use this categorization; these rules out a large number of the top quality wines.

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4
Q

What is mean Joven?

A

Joven means no cask aging; or less than the legal minimum for Crianza wines.

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5
Q

What is mean Crianza?

A

Red wines must be matured for two calendar years following the harvest; including a minimum of six months in barricas (225 liter oak casks); which means a 2004 vintage may be sold from January 1 2007.
White and rose must be matured for one calendar year; of which six months must be in barricas.
Rioja; Ribera del Duero; and Navarra require one year in barrel for reds.

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6
Q

What is mean Reserva?

A

Red wines must be matured for three calendar years following the harvest; including a minimum of one year in barricas.
White and rose must be matured for two calendar years; of which six months must be in barricas.

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7
Q

What is mean Gran Reserva?

A

Red wines must be matured for five calendar years following the harvest; including a minimum of 18 months in barricas.
White and rose must be matured for four calendar years; of which six months must be in barricas.
Rioja; Ribera del Duero; and Navarra require two years in barrel for reds.

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8
Q

What is mean Noble?

A

Noble wine has been matured 18 months in cask (min size 60 liters).
The term can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better.

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9
Q

What is mean Añejo?

A

Añejo wine has been aged 24 months in cask (min size 60 liters).
The term can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better.

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10
Q

What is mean Viejo?

A

Viejo wine must undergo 36 months aging in cask (min size 60 liters) and the wines must show an oxidative character.
The term can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better.

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11
Q

Name three towns where production of Sherry occurs?

A

Jerez de la Frontera is the home of Sherry; other two towns are Puerto de Santa Maria and Sanlucar de Barrameda.

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12
Q

Name most common Malaga Styles?

A

The most common styles are as follows: Lágrima; Moscatel; and Pedro Ximénez.

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13
Q

What is the name of Spanish appellation which produce similar wines as Sherry?

A

Montilla-Moriles DO. Wine-making practices in Montilla parallel those for Sherry; however in the hot climate of Montilla-Moriles; far removed from the cooling winds of the Atlantic; the flor is usually less thick than in Jerez and the wines tend to have less finesse as a result.

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14
Q

Name Montilla-Moriles DO varieties?

A

Pedro Ximénez (70%); Lairén (Airén) and Muscat of Alexandria.

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15
Q

Name Balearic Islands two official DO?

A

Pla i Llevant (introduced in 2001) and Binissalem-Mallorca; both of which are on the island of Majorca. The latter was the islands’ first DO title; and the first ever granted outside the Spanish mainland.

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16
Q

Basque Country?

A

Basque: Euskadi; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays Basque.

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17
Q

What is the most important wine in Basque Country?

A

Pais Vasco wine is synonymous with Txakoli; Like Vinho Verde it is strongly Atlantic influenced and is usually sold young; very slightly sparkling; and low in alcohol.
The high trained Hondarribi Zuri white grape variety accounts for 85 per cent of Txakoli;;
Hondarribi Beltza makes light reds for local consumption.

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18
Q

What are the most important Canary Islands varieties?

A

Most important varieties are Listán Negro and Negramoll for reds; whites from Listán Blanco and sweet Malvasías.

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19
Q

What is the largest delimited wine region in Spain?

A

La Mancha DO is the largest delimited wine region not only in Spain; but in the whole of Europe; with more than 500;000 acres (202;350ha) of vineyard here.
The finest vineyards are those with high limestone and chalk content in the sub-soil. These semi-porous stones retain precious moisture and help to even out the vines’ water supply.

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20
Q

What are the most important La Mancha DO red varieties?

A

Tempranillo (known locally as Cencibel) is by far the most popular red-wine variety; often accompanied by Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.
Spanish varieties such as Graciano; Bobal and Monastrell and international varieties Grenache; Syrah and Petit Verdot.

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21
Q

Name Ribera del Duero DO Varieties?

A

According to DO regulations; Tempranillo must make up a minimum of 75% while the balance is made up of Cabernet Sauvignon; Merlot and Malbec (varieties that were introduced by Vega Sicilia well over a century ago) or up to 5% of Albillo or Garnacha (used for rose). Only red and rosé wines are covered by the DO.

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22
Q

Name best Ribera del Duero Producers?

A

The leading local producer is Bodegas Vega Sicilia; which took the wine world by storm with its ‘Unico’ wine.
Tinto Pesquera is another renowned brand; created by the region’s best-known winemaker; Alejandro Fernández.
Other prominent producers include Dominio de Pingus and Emilio Moro.

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23
Q

What is Ribera del Duero Climate?

A

The region’s inland location; coupled with the sheltering effects of the nearby Sierra de la Demanda and Sierra de Guadarrama mountain ranges; creates an extreme climate in which hot and dry summers are followed by harsh winters.
Layers of limestone; marl and chalk under silt and clay topsoil.

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24
Q

What is Rueda Climate?

A

The climate here is clearly continental; which means hot; harsh summers; and cold winters when temperatures often drop below freezing; high diurnal variations. The region is deprived of any maritime influence by the Cordillera Cantábrica; the mountain range that separates it from the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic Ocean beyond; on the other side of them lie Asturias and Cantabria - regions with relatively cool; fresh climates and fertile green landscapes. Same effect as Vosges in Alsace.

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25
Q

Name Rueda DO Varieties?

A

Verdejo vines occupy an impressive 90% of this land; Viura and Sauvignon Blanc together constitute just 5%. Tempranillo and Garnacha with a little help from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are responsible for red and rose which are now permitted for Rueda DO.

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26
Q

Name Toro DO Varieties?

A

Tinta de Toro (locally adapted strain of the Tempranillo grape) is by far the dominant grape variety; a tiny amount of Garnacha is also grown; mostly for use in Toro Rosado alongside small quantities of Malvasia Blanca and Verdejo for use in white Toro Blanco. Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon are being grown experimentally.

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27
Q

Name Bierzo DO red Varieties?

A

Mencía occupies 70% of the vineyards; Garnacha is another important red grape primarily used in blends while Merlot; Cabernet-Sauvignon and Tempranillo are experimental red grapes.
Rose wine need at lest 50% Mencía in blend.

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28
Q

What is Bierzo Climate?

A

Bierzo’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean has a profound effect on its overall climate; with average temperatures during the growing season much cooler than in Castilla y Leon’s more inland areas; making it rather mild. Average rainfall is around 28 inches (720mm) comparing to 320mm in Toro.

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29
Q

What is Aranda de Duero?

A

The capital of Ribera del Duero is the historic town of Aranda de Duero.

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30
Q

What is Castilla-La Mancha Climate?

A

At altitudes between 500 and 700 m above sea level; this is Spain at her most extreme. Winters are long and cold; in summer the heat is grueling; and little if any rain falls between May and September.

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31
Q

Name Spanish Region that produces the most wine?

A

Castilla-La Mancha is a large region which lies south and east of the Spanish capital Madrid. Its capital city is Toledo; and its most populous city is Albacete.
Despite very harsh climate; Castilla-La Mancha produces half of all the wine made in Spain but significant proportion goes into the inexpensive mass-produced sector and distillation into brandy.

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32
Q

What is Vinest (formerly Vinum Est)?

A

Program backed by the European Union that promotes small wine-growing areas based on their individuality and distinctiveness.

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33
Q

What kind of grape is Listan Blanco?

A

Listan Blanco is Palomino from Andalucia; grape variety used to make Sherry.

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34
Q

What kind of grape is Listan Negro?

A

DNA profiling identified Listan Negro as a genetic match to the Mission grape of North America. However; the Mission grape of the New World has mutated significantly enough that it is now considered a distinct variety.

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35
Q

What kind of grape is Albillo?

A

Albillo is the only white grape grown in Ribera del Duero; producing wines for local consumption that don’t qualify for the Ribera del Duero DO title.
Only red and rosé wines are covered by the DO.

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36
Q

What is the most important variety in Utiel-Requena DO?

A

Climate is between Mediterranean and continental; the higher-altitude vineyards.
Bobal; a native red-wine variety; dominates plantings plus in recent years Tempranillo and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Traditional doble pasta wines from Bobal.
Region is Valencia.

37
Q

Name Jumilla DO red varieties?

A

Jumilla specializes in wines based on the Monastrell which accounts for more than 80% of vines and it is well suited to the harsh conditions here.
Syrah; Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot have steadily increased in recent years mainly to add body and character to the Monastrell-based reds.
Region is Murcia.

38
Q

Name Navarra DO most important red varieties?

A

Traditionally known for rose wines produced from Granacha; now move to production of red wines mostly from Tempranillo. Also more plantings of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.

39
Q

Grape varieties used for Rueda white wines?

A

Standard Rueda Blanco must be made from at least 50% Verdejo; Rueda Superior must contain at least 85 per cent Verdejo.
Relatively recent additions to the region’s wine portfolio are the varietal wines ‘Rueda Verdejo’ and ‘Rueda Sauvignon’; which must be made from at least 85% of the stated variety.

40
Q

Name most famous Sardon de Duero winery?

A

Sardon de Duero is home to the award-winning Abadia Retuerta winery; one of Spain’s most high-tech producers. They have been critical in raising the profile of the area and have encouraged other growers to establish themselves here.
Its highly regarded red wines are classified as Vino de la Tierra Castilla y Leon.

41
Q

Most important Catalonia red varieties?

A

Tempranillo (known in Catalan as Ull de Llebre); Garnacha and Monastrell (France’s Mourvedre).
Red Bordeaux varieties also play an important role in some of the top-quality blends; as well as in varietal wines.

42
Q

What is like climate in Priorat DOC or DOQ?

A

The climate here is remarkably continental; given its relative proximity to the Mediterranean; summers are long; hot and dry; and annual rainfall averages 500mm.

43
Q

What kind of soil is in Priorat DOC or DOQ?

A

The region’s flagship soil type is llicorella; a free-draining; nutrient-poor soil made up of partially-decomposed slate and quartz (‘llicorella’ is the Catalan name for slate).

44
Q

What are ageing requirements for Priorat DOC or DOQ?

A

Crianza spends one year in oak; followed by a year in bottle before release;
Reserva spends one year in oak then two years in bottle;
Gran Reserva spends two years in oak and three years in bottle.
The wines must reach a minimum alcoholic strength of 13.5 per cent to qualify as Priorat.

45
Q

Name Priorat red varieties?

A

The classic Priorat wine is made from old-vine Garnacha and Cariñena but a number of winemakers are using the ‘international’ grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon; Merlot and Syrah alongside.

46
Q

Name Priorat white varieties?

A

The region’s white wines are made from the four authorized white varieties; Garnacha Blanca; Macabeo; Pedro Ximénez and Chenin Blanc.

47
Q

What is Priorat vino de guarda?

A

Majority of the aged wines spend some eighteen months in new; preferably French oak barrels; 4-6 months in bottles and then are released for sale.
They are known as ‘vino de guarda’ (wine to keep); as they will reach their perfection some two years later.

48
Q

Name most famous Priorat Producers?

A

The wines of René Barbier (Clos Mogador); Costers del Siurana (Clos de l’Obac); Álvaro Palacios (Finca Dofí; L’Ermita); Mas Martinet (Clos Martinet); and Clos & Terrasses (Clos Erasmus) had won worldwide acclaim by the late 1990s. Scala Dei.

49
Q

Most important varieties in Montsant DO?

A

Catalonia. Montsant has earned a reputation for its high-quality red wines; particularly those based on old Garnatxa (Garnacha) and Carinena vines.
Ull de Llebre and international varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon; Merlot and Syrah also perform very well here.

50
Q

What is so unique about Penedes Espumoso?

A

From the 2017 vintage onwards; they will be made exclusively from organically grown grapes.

51
Q

The heart of Cava production very much remains in the village of?

A

Sant Sadurní d’Anoia.

52
Q

Name Cava Varieties?

A

The traditional grape varieties used in Cava were Macabeo; Parellada and Xarel-lo; but the Champagne grapes Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are also now being used.
Monastrell; Grenache; Malvasia and Trepat are also authorized for use in Cava.

53
Q

What is Cava method of production?

A

All Cava wines must be produced by traditional method; lees aged for a minimum of nine months; and reach a final alcohol level of no less than 10% and no more than 13%.

54
Q

Name Cava DO regions?

A

Cava DO can come from various parts of Spain: Aragon; Navarra; Rioja; Pais Vasco; Valencia and Extremadura but in reality 90% comes from Catalonia.

55
Q

Name most important Galicia white varieties?

A

Apart from Albarino; the main white grape varieties are Loureiro; Torrontes; Godello; Treixadura and Caiño Blanco - a Galician obscurity often mistaken for Albarino.

56
Q

Name Sub-zones of Rias Baixas?

A

Val do Salnes (Soils here are largely granite and rock with alluvial top-soil; the best wines); Condado do Tea (warmest part); Rosal; Soutomaior (smallest); and Ribera do Ulla.

57
Q

Name Rias Baixas white varieties?

A

For a wine to be labeled Rías Baixas; its varietal composition must be at least 70% Albarino.
Depending on the sub-zone it comes from; the other grapes used are Treixadura; Torrontes; Loureiro and Caiño Blanco; a rarely-seen Galician grape which is often mistaken for Albarino.

58
Q

Name Ribeira Sacra DO varieties?

A

Specializes in the production of dry red wines from the Mencia grape on slate and granite soils. There are three main types of wine here; all of them varietal: red Mencía Joven; and white Albariño and Godello.

59
Q

Name Monterrei DO Wine Types?

A

Monterrei Blanco; which must contain 60 percent of the preferred varieties (Godello; Treixadura; Doña Blanca); with the remaining 40 percent from other permitted grapes; and Monterrei Tinto; which must contain 60 percent Mencía and/or Merenzao.
The Monterrei Superior label is given to wines with 85% of grapes from preferred varieties.

60
Q

Name Navarra DO most important white varieties?

A

Navarra’s small quantity of white wines are mainly based on Chardonnay; Viura and Garnacha Blanca. Natural sweet wines are also permitted to be made from Moscatel.

61
Q

Name three zones of Rioja DOC?

A

Centred on the regional capital Logroño; Rioja divides into three zones: Rioja Alta (Haro); Rioja Alavesa (Basque); and Rioja Baja (Calahorra and Alfaro).

62
Q

Rioja Alavesa?

A

Smallest; vineyards lie at high altitudes (1300-3930ft/400-1200m); soil on the slopes and terraces where most of the vines are grown is rich in chalky clay and limestone; rainfall is around 20 inches (500mm) on average.

63
Q

Rioja Alta?

A

The most important; both in terms of quality and the quantity; higher altitudes; soil; although less rich in limestone than in Rioja Alavesa; has a healthy mix of clay; iron and alluvial components.
When compared with Rioja Alavesa; these wines tend to be finer; lighter in body and lower in acid.

64
Q

Rioja Baja?

A

The largest; low-altitude vineyards; very dry and warm summers; a result of the influence of the Mediterranean Sea; the chalk content is minimal; with larger proportions of silt and alluvial components as well as ferrous-clay. Drought is also a real threat. Co-operatives.

65
Q

Name Rioja red varieties?

A

Tempranillo (clay and limestone slopes) is most widely planted; Garnacha (gives body if used; rose wines); Graciano (excellent flavor; small crop); Mazuelo (Cariñena; lesser quality); Maturana Tinta; Cabernet Sauvignon (experimental; Marqués de Riscal).

66
Q

Name Rioja white varieties?

A

Viura (majority); Malvasía (used to be); Garnacha Blanca; Tempranillo Blanco; Maturana Blanca; Turruntés (don`t confuse with Torrontes) and international varieties Verdejo; Sauvignon Blanc; and Chardonnay are also permitted.

67
Q

In Rioja what are Cosecha Wines?

A

They are also called Joven but this rarely appears on a wine label. The wine is aged less than one year in oak and less than one year in the bottle before release. Some excellent wines produced in modern style such as Vinos de Autor (highly concentrated; high use of French oak) are labeled Cosecha.

68
Q

Name Rioja Colored-coded Guarantee of Origin?

A

Cosecha - olive green label; Crianza - bright red; Reserva - burgundy; Gran Reserva - royal blue.

69
Q

Name most notable Rioja Alavesa producers?

A

Notable producers include Marqués de Riscal; Domecq Bodegas; Bodegas Palacio and Remelluri.

70
Q

Name most notable Rioja Alta producers?

A

Among the most notable producers are Artadi El Pison; Bodegas Muga; Bodegas Marques de Murrieta; La Rioja Alta and Bodegas Marques de Caceres.

71
Q

Name some Traditional Rioja Bodegas?

A

Campo Viejo; C.V.N.E (Compania Vinicola del Norte de Espana); Dinastia Vivanco; Marques de Murrieta; Marques de Riscal; Ramon Bilbao.

72
Q

Name some New Rioja Bodegas?

A

Baron de Ley; Breton; Artadi; Baigorri; Muriel.

73
Q

What is mean Vendimia?

A

Harvest or vintage. Other term is Cosecha.

74
Q

What is mean Doble Pasta?

A

A powerful wine made using methods similar to Italy’s ripasso; that is; the addition of grape skins to a finished or fermenting wine.

75
Q

What is mean Orujo?

A

The Spanish form of grappa or marc; a distillate made from grape pomace.

76
Q

What is mean Roble?

A

Literally “oak;” but this term can appear upon a label; most often; of a Joven wine;.It informs the buyer that the wine has spent at least a little time in barrel.

77
Q

What is mean VORS?

A

“Vinum Optimum Rare Signatum” or “Very Old Rare Sherry” is a new Sherry term used to guarantee that the wine has been aged for a minimum average of 30 years. That long time in oak causes a high degree of evaporation; so the VORS designation suggests that the wine is very expensive to produce.
These wines are bottled in very limited quantities.

78
Q

What is mean VOS?

A

“Vinum Optimum Signatum” or “Very Old Sherry” is a new Sherry term used to guarantee that the wine has been aged for a minimum average of 20 years.
That long time in oak causes a high degree of evaporation; so the VOS designation suggests that the wine is expensive to produce.

79
Q

What is mean Vinos de Autor?

A

Classical wines with an added dimension: wines made from selected grapes (from old vines; from a single vineyard; or from special parcels or plots); usually featuring plenty of new oak; produced in limited quantities; and sold in a special packaging.
Also known as High Concept wines; Signature wines; or Flagship wines.

80
Q

Name VP from Navarra?

A

Pago de Arinzano; Pago de Otazu; Pago Prado de Irache;

81
Q

Name VP from Castilla-La Mancha?

A

Pago Calzadilla, Pago Campo de la Guardia, Pago Casa del Blanco, Pago Dehesa del Carrizal, Pago Florentino, Pago Dominio de Valdepusa, Pago Finca Élez, Pago Guijoso.

82
Q

Name VP from Utiel-Requena (Valencia)?

A

Pago de Los Balagueses and Chozas Carrascal.

83
Q

Name two first estates to receive Vino de Pago?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa was the joint-first estate to receive Spain’s prestigious Vinos de Pago status.
It received the title in 2002, at the same time as Finca Elez.

84
Q

Who own Pago de Arinzano?

A

Right in the heart of Navarra, owned by Bodega Chivite that have been producing wine through 11 generations. Bodegas Chivite also produce a line of wines called Colección 125 under Navarra DO, and their Chardonnay is highly prized.

85
Q

What is mean Añada?

A

Vintage.

86
Q

What is mean Bota?

A

Oak barrel with a capacity of 550-600 litres and used to age Sherry wines.

87
Q

What is mean Cosecha?

A

Harvest or vintage, often used on bottle labels in association with the year of harvest/vintage.

88
Q

Who established first Rioja commercial winery?

A

Marqués de Murrieta established Rioja’s first commercial bodega in 1850.

CMS Advanced Old World 2016 (5 decks)

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