Spain and Portugal Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
In what year was Spain the greatest producer of wine?
A
2013
2
Q
How many acres are under vine in Spain?
A
2.5 million, more than any other country.
3
Q
What is the mountainous interior plateau of Spain called?
A
The Maseta
4
Q
Which two countries comprise the Iberian peninsula?
A
Spain and Portugal
5
Q
What geographical features form the border of Spain?
A
Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, Pyrenees Mountains, Mediterranean Sea
6
Q
Which two mountain ranges influence the climate of Spain?
A
The Pyrenees and the Cantabrian
7
Q
What three languages are spoken in their respective regions in Spain?
A
Galician, Basque, Catalan
8
Q
What are the leading red and white grapes of Spain, and how much production do they account for, combined?
A
a) Tempranillo and Airen
b) 42%
9
Q
What name does Tempranillo go by in a) greater Portugal and b) specially in the Douro?
A
a) Arragonez
b) Tinto Roriz
10
Q
What is Tempranillo called in Rioja, Ribeira del Duero and Cigales?
A
a) Tempranillo
b) Tinto Fino
c) Tinto del Pais
11
Q
What is Tempranillo called in Toro?
A
Tinto de Toro
12
Q
What is Tempranillo called in Catalonia and La Mancha?
A
a) Ull de Llebre
b) Cencibel
13
Q
What is mainly produced from Airen?
A
a) brandy
b) bulk wine
14
Q
What is the lowest quality level of wine in Spain?
A
Vino de Mesa
15
Q
What is the equivalent of IGP wine in Spain called and how many are there?
A
a) Vino de la Tierra
b) 42
16
Q
What two designations are the equivalent of PDO level wine in Spain? How many are there?
A
a) DO (Denominacion de Origen)
DOCa (Denominacion de Origen Calificada)
b) 68 and 2
17
Q
How many DOCa are there in Spain?
A
Rioja and Priorat (DOQ)
18
Q
What does Vino de Pago mean?
A
A specific vineyard that has been singled out for its quality production in a region of generally lower quality
19
Q
Which regions hold VCIG status in Spain?
A
- Cangus
- Valle de Benavente
- Valtiendas
- Sierra Salamanca
- Las Islas Canarias
- Cebreros
- Legrija
20
Q
What does VCIG stand for and what does it mean?
A
a) Vino de Calidad con Indicacion Geographica
b) an up and coming region
21
Q
What three terms can be used to indicated age in a PGI level wine in Spain?
A
Noble - 18 mo
Anejo - 24 mo
Viejo - 36 mo
22
Q
What are the PDO level aging requirements for white wine in Spain? Include in barrel and total.
A
a) Crianza 6 | 18
b) Reserva 6 | 24
c) Gran Reserva 6 | 48
23
Q
What are the PDO level aging requirements for red wine in Spain? Include in barrel and total.
A
a) Crianza 6 | 24
b) Reserva 12 | 36
c) Gran Reserva 18 | 60
24
Q
What does “joven” mean in Spain and what is a synonym for it?
A
a) literally “young,” generally released the year after harvest
b) Generico
25
What is Green Spain?
The region of Galicia in the Northwest corner of Spain.
26
What are the three most celebrated DOs of Galicia and which grapes are they known for?
a) Rias Baixas - Albarino
b) Ribeira - Treixadura
c) Valdeorras - Godello, Mencia
27
What is the name of the river in Castilla Y Leon?
The Duero River
28
What 5 primary regions make up Castilla Y Leon?
1) Toro
2) Rueda
3) Bierzo
4) Cigales
5) Ribera del Duero
29
What two things is Toro known for?
a) high elevation (2000 asl)
b) Tinto de Toro or Tempranillo
30
What grape generally comprises Rueda Blanca and what else can it be made with?
a) Verdejo
b) Sauvignon Blanc
31
What is the climate of Bierzo?
transitional, influenced by Green Spain and the continental climate inland
32
What wines are mostly made in Cigales?
Red from Tinta del Pais, often blended with Garnacha
33
Which region of Castilla Y Leon is often considered on par with Rioja?
Ribera del Duero
34
When did Navarro lose its independencde?
1512 to the Castilian Empire
35
What style of wine is Navarro known for?
Rose
36
How long has Rioja been defined and when was it awarded DOCa status?
1787 and 1991
37
What three geographical features moderate the climate of RIoja?
1. Cantabrian Mountains
2. Ebro River
3. Mediterranean Sea
38
What are the 3 subregions of Rioja?
1. Rioja Alta (west, high altitude)
2. Rioja Alavesa (north of the Ebro)
3. Rioja Orientali (east, lower, formerly Baja)
39
What are the leading grapes in RIoja?
Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano and Viura
40
What jump started Rioja's rise to prominence?
French winemakers settled there after their vineyards were devastated by Phylloxera
41
How is Rioja often aged?
For a lengthy time in 225 liter barrels made of American oak.
42
What are the aging requirements for Rioja in barrel, bottle and total?
Crianza: 12 mo | 24 mo
Reserva: 12 mo | 6 mo | 36 mo
Gran Reserva: 24 mo | 24 mo | 60 mo
43
What is the most well-known DO in Aragon and what does it produce?
1. Somontano DO
2. Many things, best known for intense Roses made from Garnacha
44
What is the climate in Catalonia?
Mediterranean
45
When was Priorat elevated to DOQ status?
2009
46
For what grape is Priorat best known?
Garnacha
47
Describe the soils of Priorat?
Llicorella--decomposed slate flecked with mica and other minerals
48
What are the major subregions of Catalonia?
1. Priorat
2. Taragona
3. Monsant
4. Costers del Segre
5. Penedes
49
How much of Taragona's output is white wine?
75%
50
When was Monsant made a DO and what does it grow?
a) 2001
b) Garnacha, Carenina, Ull de Llebre
51
Which DO in Catalonia is known for state-of-the-art technology and nontraditional winemaking?
Costers de Segre
52
What is the leading white grape in Penedes and what wine is it primarily known for?
1. Xarel-lo
2. Cava made from Xarel-lo, Macabeu, and Parellada
53
Where is Castilla-La Mancha?
On the central Meseta of Spain
54
What can be found in Castilla-La Mancha?
1. Windmills
2. Airen and Cencibel
3. Valdepenos Do
4. 12 Vino de Pagos
55
Why does Valdepenas produce better wine that the rest of Castilla-La Mancha?
Soils allow for better water retention.
56
Where is Murcia located?
In the Levant (Eastern Coast) of Spain
57
What 3 DOs can be found in Murcia and what grapes are they most known for?
1. Yecla, Jumilla and Bullas
2. Monastrall
58
Where is Sherry made?
In Jerez, or Xeres, located in Andulusia between Cadiz and Seville
59
What is the Sherry Triangle?
The towns of Jerez de la Frontera, Sanlucar de Barameda, and El Puerto de Santa Maria
60
What are the major grapes of Sherry?
1. Palamino
2. Pedro Ximenez
3. Moscatel
61
Which grapes of Sherry thrive on which soils?
1. Palamino - Albarizo (chalk/limestone)
2. PX - Barrio (iron-oxide)
3. Moscatel - Arena (sand)
62
What are four broad categories of Sherry?
1. Fino (biological)
2. Oloroso (oxidative)
3. Hybrid
4. Dried Grape
63
What does "rancio" mean?
Oxidized
64
What does "soleo" mean?
The process of drying ripe grapes on straw mats to concentrate the sugars
65
What does "en rama" mean?
Unfiltered and unfined
66
What does "anada" mean?
Single vintage
67
What are the main differences between Sherry and Montilla-Moriles?
Montilla-Moriles is east and further inland with a more continental climate. PX accounts for 70% of the plantings
68
Where does 95% of Cava production take place?
In Catalonia, within the Comtats de Barcelona Zone, centered around the municipality of San Sadurni de Noya.
69
When were the first bottlings of Cava?
1872
70
Name three non-contiguous areas of Cava DO?
1. Valle del Ebro
2. Altos de Levante
3. Vinos de Almendralejo
71
What are Cream and Pale Cream Sherries?
An Oloroso or Fino, respectively, that's been sweetened, sometiems with PX
72
What is a Manzanilla?
Sherry matured in the seaside town of Sanlucar de Barameda, with a distinctive briny character.
73
What is an Amontillado and a Palo Cortado?
a) an Amontillado begins as a fino sherry and is aged under flor, but loses its flor at some point and is then aged as an Oloroso.
b) a Palo Cortado also begins as a fino but develops little or no flor at all, so it's then aged as an Oloroso
74
What are the aging requirements for Cava?
1. Cava - 9 mo lees
2. Reserva - 18 mo lees
3. Gran Reserva - 30 mo lees
4. de Paraje Calificada - 36 mo lees
75
What are five requirements for Cava de Guarda?
1. Traceable from vine to bottle
2. Maximum yields
3. Vines must be 10 yrs
4. Farmed organically
5. Vintage dated
76
What is Corpinnat?
An EU-recognized brand name and alternative to the Cava DO with its own set of standards
77
78
What are the borders of Portugal?
Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, Spain to the north and east.
79
Describe the climate of Portugal.
a) North Coast - Maritime
b) South Coast - Mediterranean
c) Inland - Continental
80
What are the primary grapes in red Port production?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Cao
81
Besides the principle grapes in Port, name 5 other important red varieties?
1) Jaen (Mencia)
2) Baga
3) Castalao (Periquita)
4) Alfrocheiro
5) Trincadeira
82
What are the principle grapes in Madeira production?
Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia, Tinta Negra
83
Besides those used in Madeira production, what are the important white grapes in Portugal?
1) Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes)
2) Alvarinho
3) Loureiro
4) Arinto
5) Encruzado
84
What are the 3 levels of wine classification in Portugal?
1) Vinho
2) Vinho Regional
3) Denominacao de Origem Controlada
85
How many VR and DOCs are there in Portugal currently?
14 and 31 respectively
86
What VR and DOC are associated the wet, green part of Portugal?
Minho VR and Vino Verde DOC
87
Describe a classic Vino Verde.
Tart, low alcohol, high acid, slightly petillant white wine
88
Which region of Portugal was one of the first demarcated wine regions in the world, and when did that happen?
a) The Douro
b) 1756
89
What is the difference between Douro DOC and Porto DOC?
While geographically identical, Douro produces unfortified wines based on native varieties, while Porto produces sweet fortified wines.
90
Wines based on international varieties in the Douro region must be released as what?
Duriense VR
91
What are the three subregions of the Douro, and what are they each known for?
1) Baixo Corgo - lighter styles of Port
2) Cima Corgo - quality port
3) Douro Superior - unfortified wine
92
Which fortified wine can be released under the Douro DOC?
Moscatel de Douro
93
What varietals are generally used in white Port production?
Gouveio and Malvasia Fina
94
What is the vineyard ranking system associated with Port production called and how many factors does it consider?
a) the cadastro
b) 12
95
What is the "beneficio" authorization?
maximum amount of wine that's allowed to produced as Port in that year
96
What are "lagares"?
Large troughs traditionally used to foot crush grapes
97
To what ABV is wine initially fortified in Port production?
19% - 22%
98
Traditionally, young Port was placed into _______________ and sent down river to the city of ________________ in ornate, flat-bottomed boats known as ____________________.
a) pipes
b) Oporto
c) barcos rabelos
99
What city did the Port trade shift to in the 1800s?
Vila Nova de Gaia
100
What is the simplest style of Port and how is it made?
a) Ruby
b) aged in large oak casks for about 2 years
101
What is a reserve Port?
A blend of premium rubies aged in oak vats for 4-6 years.
102
What does LBV stand for and how is it made?
a) Late Bottle Vintage
b) Wine from a single year is aged in oak for 4-6 years, filtered and ready for consumption after bottling
103
What does the age indication on a bottle of Tawny Port mean?
It's the average age of the wines in the blend.
104
What is a Tawny Port?
A ruby Port that's been aged long enough to develop browning and oxidative characteristics--sometimes for decades.
105
What is the rarest and most expensive style of Port?
Vintage
106
Who must approve a vintage Port and when must the producer declare and bottle?
a) Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto
b) July 30 of the third year after harvest
107
Why is Single Quinta Port sometimes controversial?
It's sometimes comprised of wine from a single vineyard and released in years that weren't declared as vintages for the entire estate.
108
Name two recent Single Quinta Vintage releases?
1) Dow's Quinta do Bomfim
2) Taylor's Quinta de Terra Feita
109
Which Port was released in 2008 and introduced a new style for modern consumers of Port?
Croft Pink, a rose.
110
What is a single vintage Tawny Port and how long must it age in cask?
a) Colheita
b) 7 years
111
Where is Madeira located?
400 miles off the coast of Morocco
112
Where can Madeira DOC be produced?
On the island of Madeira or the neighboring island of Porto Santo.
113
What VR and DOC produces unfortified wines in Madeira and Porto Santo?
a) Madeirense DOC
b) Terras Maderienses VR
114
At what elevations are the noble grapes of Madeira planted?
a) Sercial - halfway up the mountain
b) Verdelho - a little lower
c) Boal and Malvasia closer to sea level
115
What is considered the high quality method of Madeira production?
The Canteiro method, where wine is placed in cask and stored in the attic of an uncooled warehouse for a minimum of two years.
116
What is another name for the estuphagem method and what does it entail?
a) cuba de calor
b) wine is placed in a stainless steel vat and submerged in water heated to 113-122 degrees for at least 3 months, then rested for 90 days before being transferred to oak casks.
117
What is considered an in between production method for Madeira, mostly used by the Madeira Wine Company?
Armazem de Calor, where wine is left in vats in a room heated by steam to over 120 degrees for 6 months to 1 year.
118
What is Rainwater?
A stylistic labeling term that denotes and off-dry, lighter style of Madeira.
119
Besides Rainwater, what other stylistic terms might be found on a Madeira label?
a) Colheita - single vintage, aged in cask 5 years
b) Age Indication - tasted and approved by a panel
c) Frasqueira - vintage, aged in cask 20 years
120
What red grape is Bairrada DOC known for?
Baga
121
What types of wines are produced in Dao DOC?
Complex red blends
122
Which DOC in Lisboa is for brandy instead of wine?
Lourinha DOC
123
What is the principle white grape in Lisboa?
Arinto
124
Where is the Colares DOC, why is it distinctive and what are the principle red and white grapes?
a) Lisboa
b) Vineyards planted in sand with sand dunes as windbreaks
c) Ramisco and Malvasia
125
Which region of Portugal is a significant producer of VR wine as well as Vinho?
Tejo
126
What wine is the Peninsula de Setubal known for?
Vin Doux Naturels produced from Muscat of Alexandria
127
What is the DOC for dry red wines based on Castelao, located on the Peninsula de Setubal?
Palmela DOC
128
What is the DOC associated with the Alentejano region and what are its main grapes?
a) Alentejo DOC
b) Aragonez, Trincadero and Alicante Bouschet
129
What are the 4 DOCs of Algarve?
1) Lagos
2) Portimao
3) Lagoa
4) Tavira
130
What are the DOCs and VR of the Azores?
a) Biscoitos DOC
b) Graciosa DOC
c) Pico DOC
d) Azores VR
