Spanish Flashcards
Memorize the "why" of spanish rules (24 cards)
when do you use ser?
-Occupations, callings, religion, nationality, relationship
-Origin, ownership, or material of which something is made.
-Expression of time and dates
-Location of events ONLY
when do you use estar?
-Location of everything BUT events
-Immediate perceptions (noticable and changeable state or condition)
when do you use imperfect past tense?
-CIRCUMSTANCES
-when giving background info on a story
-to DESCRIBE a physical, mental, emotional state or condition in a story
- DESCRIBING the setting, conditions, or actions that were IN PROGRESS in a story
-the way things USED TO BE
when do you use preterite past tense?
-EVENTS
-NARRATE complete actions, events, and states in a story
-INDICATE a change in physical, mental, or emotional condition in a story.
-Tell what happened in a story
-indicate that recurrent actions/conditions taken place in the past are viewed as completed in the past.
pronouce g, j, k, q, v, w, y, z
G=ge, j=jota, k=ka, q=cu, v=ve+uve, w=doble ve, y=igriega, Z=zeta
When do you use ‘a’
-When an action is directed to a specific person/group of people. (not used when it is anonymous or non-specific)
(not used when talking about anything other than a person/group)
When to use para?
-a destination or goal (to, headed for)
- A specific time limit or a fixed point in time (by, for, due on)
-Intended for, destination
-Purpose or intent of an action (in order to)
-Comparison against a group
-Holding an opinion or making a judgment
When talking about a purpose/goal, result
-deadlines
When to use por?
in most cases, use por to say for, by, through, or because of…
-when talking about cause or motivation
- When talking about movement, or traveling (-through, across, past, along)
-Duration of time
-in exchange for, rates (per)
-To indicate the origin of an emotion.
What are the accentuation rules?
-accents only go over vowels (when the vowel doesnt follow natural rule)
-if the word ends in a vowel, the stress falls on the second to last vowel naturally
-if the word ends in a consonant other than n or s then the stress falls on the last syllable. (ex: feliciDAD)
-Question words always have an accent when used to ask a question.
-if two vowels are next to each other and should be pronounced separately, then the accent is over the i or u.
what are the common masculine nouns (6)
-L, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s
(common exceptions: tema, problema, sistema, idioma, dia, profeta, mapa, clima, programa)
What are the common feminine nouns? (7)
-a, -d, -cion, sion, umbre, -sis, -itis
(common exceptions: mano, radio, labor,
What are the demonstratives for this/these (near the speaker)
este, estos, esta, estas
What are the demonstratives for that/those (near the speaker)
ese, esos, esa, esas
what are the demostratives for that/those (far away from both speaker and person addressed)
aquel, aquellos, aquella, aquellas
whats the deal with esto, eso, or aquello?
They are used to refer to non-specific or unidentified objects, abstract ideas or concepts, or actions and situations in a general sense. (ex: thats normal, this isnt right, that was very interesting)
what are the command ar conjugation endings
e (usted)
emos (nosotros)
en (ustedes)
What are the command -er/-ir conjugation endings?
a (usted)
amos (nosotros)
an (ustedes)
whats the rule for tu and commands?
Affirmative: conjugate it in present tense and remove the final -s.
negative: conjugate using present subjunctive.
what are the present tense boot verb rules?
O->UE, E->IE, E->I
what is the difference between saber and conocer?
saber= to know a fact or how to do something
conocer=to know a person or to be familiar with something (also ‘met ‘in preterit)
What is the difference between pedir and preguntar?
pedir=to ask for something
preguntar=to ask for information
what is the difference between dejar and salir?
dejar= to leave something behind, to quit doing something
salir=to leave or exit a place
what is the difference between tocar and jugar?
tocar=to play a musical instrument
jugar=to play a game or sport.
what are the future tense conjugations?
yo -é
tu -ás
usted -á
nosotros -emos
ustedes -án
(with keeping the infinitive ar, ir, er…)
