spanish-american war

Question 1

Why was the US willing to go to war with Spain over Cuba?

Answer 1

1. coverage of Cuban rebellion
2. publishings of de Lome letter
3. coverage of USS Maine

Question 2

why did people not want to go to war?

Answer 2

people didn’t want to go to war with Spain because America had just come out of the Civil War 3 years before

Question 3

how much of what industry did American businessmen control in cuba?

Answer 3

American businessmen controlled 80% of Cuba’s sugar industry

Question 4

what tactic did the Cubans use against Spain when they revolted in 1895?

Answer 4

• guerrilla warfare
• terrorism over civilians

Question 5

what is guerrilla warfare?

Answer 5

hit and run, not uniform

Question 6

how did the Spanish respond to the Cuban rebellion?

Answer 6

• placed Cuban rebels in concentration camps
• 200,000 killed ~ large number for small island

Question 7

how did the Americans feel about the Cuban rebellion?

Answer 7

• sided with cubans
• saw cuba as the US under British rule
• small power vs a larger European country
• newspapers very biased and supported the Cubans
• made up exaggerated stories “yellow journalism”

Question 8

who published The Journal?

Answer 8

William Randolph Hearst

Question 9

who published The World?

Answer 9

Joseph Pulitzer

Question 10

what caused people to want to go to war with Spain?

Answer 10

the de Lome letter

Question 11

what was the de Lome letter?

Answer 11

• de Lome was Spanish representative to US
• insulted McKinley

Question 12

who published the de Lome letter?

Answer 12

William Hearst

Question 13

what is McKinley’s reaction to the de Lome letter?

Answer 13

He sends the USS Maine to the Havana Harbor

Question 14

what happened to the USS Maine?

Answer 14

• blew up in Havana Harbor
• the yellow press and American public blamed Spain
• “remember the Maine”

Question 15

what was Theodore Roosevelt’s position in the military during the Spanish-American war?

Answer 15

Assistant Secretary of the Navy

Question 16

what order does Roosevelt give after the explosion of the USS Maine?

Answer 16

• be ready to attack the Spanish fleet in the Philippines
• sends command to Dewey

Question 17

when does the US declare war against Spain?

Answer 17

April 1898

Question 18

what is the first thing that occurs when the US declares war?

Answer 18

• Admiral Dewey attacks Spanish fleet in Philippines in 7hrs
• Navy blockades Spain’s fleet in Cuba

Question 19

what did Roosevelt do after war is declared?

Answer 19

Roosevelt resigned as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to raise a volunteer regiment

Question 20

what group of soldiers did Roosevelt create?

Answer 20

the Rough Riders

Question 21

who called the war a “Splendid Little War”?

Answer 21

John Hay, Secretary of State

Question 22

what was signed to end the war?

Answer 22

treaty of Paris signed in December 1898 ended the war

Question 23

what countries did America obtain after the Spanish-American war?

Answer 23

Puerto Rico, Guam, supervision of Cuba, purchased the Philippines from Spain for $20 million

Question 24

what were McKinley’s arguments for wanting to annex the Philippines?

Answer 24

• unfit for self-government
• independence would bring anarchy
• US must “civilize” them

Question 25

what did the Philippines go through with the United States?

Answer 25

fought a 3 year war for independence - 4,000 Americans killed - 16,000 Filipino soldiers lost - over 200,000 civilians didn't gain complete independence until 1946

Question 26

what happened to Cuba after the Spanish-American war?

Answer 26

- McKinley installed military government to protect US business - Cuba wrote a constitution in 1900 that didn't allow for US involvement

Question 27

what was the Platt Amendment?

Answer 27

US government only agreed to remove troops if Cuba included the Platt Amendment - Cuba can not enter any foreign agreements - US can intervene in Cuban affairs whenever necessary - must allow US to establish naval bases

Question 28

early political life of Theodore Roosevelt?

Answer 28

- had deathly asthma - thought he wasn't going to make it past a toddler - Harvard; was very smart - New York Lawmaker - early 20's - police commissioner in New York

Question 29

what happened when TR became Vice President?

Answer 29

McKinley was killed and Roosevelt becomes youngest president

Question 30

what was the purpose of the Panama Canal?

Answer 30

Americans needed a shorter route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Question 31

what country controlled Panama before the US?

Answer 31

Colombia

Question 32

what did the US do to be able to build the Panama Canal?

Answer 32

- French company offered the job from $100 million to $40 million - must work out a treaty with Columbia for the right to use Panama

Question 33

How do the Colombians feel about the Panama Canal?

Answer 33

- want more money and refuse to deal the US

Question 34

What does Theodore Roosevelt suggest to Panama about Colombia?

Answer 34

- encourages Panama to break away from Colombia - he says that the US will help them fight Colombia if they get the Panama Canal built

Question 35

What is the outcome of Panama rebelling against Colombia?

Answer 35

- Panama wins independence and US is "protectors" - US is given $10 million

Question 36

What are different impacts that Theodore Roosevelt had after helping Panama?

Answer 36

- opponents angry that Roosevelt violated international law - many Americans pleased anyway - legacy of ill will towards US in Latin America

Question 37

How did racism influence American perceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines?

Answer 37

Racism caused Americans to perceive the people of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as people who were not capable of creating a civilization on their own. Still, they worried that if the US tried bringing those people in, it would threaten the American political system.

Question 38

What is social darwinism?

Answer 38

It put a stereotype and mostly untrue judgements on different races and ethnic groups around the world. It provided an idea that imperialism was for the strongest and best leaders.

Question 39

Why did America look outward for new markets?

Answer 39

America was making too much stuff for just Americans, so they looked for other countries to buy their things.