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Hispanic Civ > Spanish Colonialism > Flashcards

Spanish Colonialism Flashcards

1
Q

4 major events of 1492

A

expulsion of Moors from Grenada, Jews from peninsula, Christopher Columbus’ expedition, Nebrija’s book of Grammer

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2
Q

Effects/reasons for Expulsion of the Jews

A

after moors expelled the Catholic monarchs wanted to unify the peninsula, Bank of Barcelona went bankrupt, Jews were core of merchant class

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3
Q

La Celestina

A

Fernando Rojas story showing blind fate leading everyone to disastrous end

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4
Q

Reasons for Columbus’ expedition

A

stated: bring wealth to Spain which was broke after reconquest of Granada,
Actual: probably wanted to emulate Marco Polo, his hero

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5
Q

Opposing views of Columbus’ voyage

A

discovery V encounter:
discovery says it should be celebrated
Encounter says it should be mourned

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6
Q

Invention of America

A

written by mexican author Edmundo O’Gorman, argues if America was discovered then recognize value of pre columbian america

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7
Q

America in Europe

A

written by Arciniegas; argues New world wasn’t changed by Europe but vice versa

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8
Q

Die de la Raza

A

day of the races, Columbus day in South America

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9
Q

Malinche

A

mistress of Cortes, worked willingly, used words as weapons to Cortes, spoke nahuatl and mayan

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10
Q

Requerimiento

A

document giving spanish power to enslave Natives unless they became Christian, must be read, often to natives w/o translator

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11
Q

El Dorado

A

city of Gold, legendary, sought by Sir Walter Raleigh

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12
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

divided latin American terr. between Portugal and Spain

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13
Q

Premonitions of Montezuma

A

had visions Quetzalcoatl would return, Mont. dismissed servants military, swept the floor of the temple

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14
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

son of soldier who fought against moors, took La Malinche as lover/translator, sank ships so soldiers couldn’t mutiny

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15
Q

La Noche Trieste

A

battle where Aztecs temporarily drove Spanish out of Tenochtitlan

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16
Q

Chilam Balam

A

book of prophetic priest of same name fortelling end of the 5th sun

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17
Q

Actions of Moctezuma

A

sent 20 women to Cortes, believed Aztecs were fated to lose continually submitted to Spanish, stoned to death by his own people

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18
Q

Invasion of the Incas

A

Pizarro sailed to Ecuador, then into Peru by land, captured Atahualpa for room full of gold, melted the gold and killed Atahualpa (1533)

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19
Q

visions of the Incan Invasion

A

Inca Huayna Capac prophecized men with beards would destory the Inca as messengers of Viracocha

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20
Q

Manco Inca Yupanqui

A

Incan leader leader of the resistance to Spanish, he was killed but his son Tupac Amaru continued to fight, was eventually captured and beheaded

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21
Q

Antonio De Montesinos

A

dominican friar protested the treatment of natives

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22
Q

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

A

argued that Natives were not human so Spain had a right to conquer and enslave them

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23
Q

political ramifications for Cortes

A

Spanish crown wanted to unify, didn’t want feudalism brought a trial to Cortes accused of stealing, stripped of $$ and power

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24
Q

Gonzalo Jiminez de Queseda

A

conquered the Chibcha natives of Colombia

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25
Q

Encomienda system

A

land was given to conquistadores with native slaves, in xchange spanish had to christianize natives

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26
Q

Lope de Aguirre

A

joined an expedition to look for El Dorado, killed the leader tried to make his own kingdom seperate from Spain at the mouth of the Amazon

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27
Q

Arrivistes

A

climbers of the social hierarchy

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28
Q

Bartolome de las Casas

A

slave holder in Cuba, renounced slavery took abolitionism, opposed encomienda system

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29
Q

Laws of the Indies

A

described as spiderwebs, catch the small let the big go free

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30
Q

Francisco de Vitoria

A

jesuit teacher: if natives invaded spain, would it be ok to treat the spanish like natives. Created the Jus Gentium, rights of the people

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31
Q

Vasco de Quiroga

A

Franciscan bishop tried to implement Utopia in new world, set up system for Tarascan Natives communal everything, called Tata Vasco

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32
Q

Hacienda

A

sucessor to encomienda system, large land like sharecropping

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33
Q

Corregidor

A

tax collector, magistrate worked with property owners to maintain monopoly

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34
Q

Caciques

A

political bosses referring to the governors who had to find shady income when Spain had $$ problems

35
Q

Founding of Buenos Aires

A

by Pedro de Mendoza as a base to find gold, destroyed by Natives, refounded by Juan de Garay

36
Q

Mulattos

A

White + Black

37
Q

Tercerones

A

White + Mulatto

38
Q

Quarterones

A

White + Tercerones

39
Q

Quinterones

A

White + Quarterones (considered European)

40
Q

Sambos

A

any mixed blood + Native America

41
Q

Tente en el Ayre

A

suspended in air, those who are neither moving towards white or “colored”

42
Q

Salto Atras

A

retrogrades, becoming less white

43
Q

Charles V

A

Holy Roman emperor, also Charles I of Spain, wanted to be political head of Church, had troubles running empire; dualistic wanted calm but militaristic, seeking security yet insecure

44
Q

corregidores

A

royal representatives of the crown

45
Q

Comuneros

A

one of the community, Spanish citizens for people rule

46
Q

Phillip II

A

Faced various revolts, Economic problems, international relations problems,

47
Q

Revolts during Phillip II

A

Netherlands, Moors in spain b/c of their customs being taken away, Aragonese nobles b/c of constitutional charters not being honored

48
Q

Fueros

A

Constititutional charters

49
Q

Economic problems during Phillip II

A

needed money to supply wars, put down revolts so over taxed citizens
2. gold/silver led to high inflation in Spain

50
Q

International Problems during Phillip II

A

treaty of Tordesillas caused problems with the other major problems, English Corsairs

51
Q

Francis Drake

A

knighted corsair of the Enlgish raided Cadiz

52
Q

major gold/silver ports of Spain

A

Cadiz, Seville

53
Q

Battle of Lepanto

A

Don Juan of Asturias defeated Ottoman leader Ali Pasha

54
Q

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

Francis Drake versus Duke of Medina, Drake attaked armada of Calais + storm hit and destroyed many boats

55
Q

Council of Trent

A

doomed reconciliation with Protestants, started (debatably) the counter reformation.

  1. established popes as sole bishopric appointers
  2. Phillip II used inquisition as political arm of church
56
Q

El Escorial

A

citadel of Spanish Catholicism, like Vatican for Phillip II, included Pudridero

57
Q

Pudridero

A

the rotting pit, where Phillips ancestors were buried in El Escorial

58
Q

Phillip III

A

lazy, let his advisors run country. kicked moors out of spain destroying the middle class, and crippling the inquisition, 30 years war, capital moved to Madrid

59
Q

Marranos

A

name for conversos (meaning pigs)

60
Q

Cervantes history

A

student of erasmist, minor player at battle of Lepando, wrote Don Quixote to show culture of silence,

61
Q

Don Quixote

A

shift of spain from chilvarous past to cynical renaissance world, archetype of the romantic spaniard etc

62
Q

Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazque

A

famous spanish painter, Las Meninas (painting of the painter painting) WE are the subject

63
Q

King Phillip IV

A

probably basis of Don Juan, would sleep with women and send them to convents, father of Charles II

64
Q

Charles II

A

the bewitched, last hapsburg so inbred he couldn’t do anything, ever

65
Q

Don Juan

A

play by friar Gabriel Tellez based on Phillip IV or Miguel Manara who seduced cloistered nuns

66
Q

Francisco Zubaran

A

depicted martyrdom of Christian women in painting, Saint Dorothea (flowers), Saint Apollonia (teeth) Saint Lucy (eyes on a platter), saintly seduction

67
Q

San Juan de la Cruz

A

monk determined to implement Saint Teresa’s reforms. 4 major works: Ascent of Mount Carmel, Dark Night of the Soul, Spiritual Canticle, Flame of Love–> all depicted shedding earthly desire to be one with god

68
Q

Saint Theresa of Avila

A

wanted to reform Carmelite order, relentless, stressed importance of domestic duties/self denial

69
Q

Ignatius Loyola

A

former soldier, promoted reaching worldly activities of his christian followers doing tangible good

70
Q

Life is a dream

A

by Pedro Calderon de la Barca, story of prince locked in a tower b/c Persus like prophecy, given chance and is super cruel

71
Q

Jose Kondori

A

learned woodworking in mine of Potosi, built churches intertwining european culture and Native imagery

72
Q

Slave Revolts

A

Yanga’s revolt in Veracruz, Fedon’s rebellion in Granada 1795

73
Q

Quilombas

A

settlements in interior of SA formed by slaves

74
Q

Syncretism examples

A

Tonantzin became Virgin of Guadelupe, Yemaya became Our lady of Regla (havana), Ogun became Saint Peter of the Iron keys

75
Q

Aleijadinho

A

leperotic mixed raise colonial, sculpted 12 saints on the church of Congonhas

76
Q

Sister Juana

A

brilliant thinker and writer, ostracized for being female poet, forced to abandon her instruments, creative devices put in prison, FAMOUS: “You foolish men” and “First Dream”

77
Q

Atlantic Exchange

A

tomato, chocolate, sugar, corn, tobacco, chiles, potato Cattle, horses, pigs

78
Q

Felipillo

A

native peruvian translator for Pizarro, learned Quechua and spanish, deliberately mistranslated messages between Pizarro and Atahualpa to sow confusion. When this was discovered he was drawn and quartered in front of the Inca

79
Q

Mit’a

A

mandatory public service in incan society, modified by the Spanish to become a practice of legal servitude

80
Q

Reducciones

A

massive relocation of indegenous peoples by Spain to newly built houses so they could be ruled more efficiently

81
Q

Repartimiento

A

colonial forced labor of the indigenous populations by Spain, was not slavery, but created slavery like conditions in certain areas

82
Q

The black legend

A

style of writing that demonizes the Spanish and their practices in South America, often used by Protestant enemies

83
Q

Age of Gold Art

A

realism with religious symbolism, light dark contrasts,

Hispanic Civ (9 decks)

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