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Deep Wood Academy Spanish > Spanish Grammar > Flashcards

Spanish Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Many nouns that denote living things have both a _________ and a ________ form.

A

masculine

feminine

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2
Q

Most nouns that end in -o are __________.

A

masculine

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3
Q

Most nouns that end in -a are __________.

A

feminine

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4
Q

Masculine nouns that end in a consonant often have a corresponding feminine form that ends in _______.

A

-a

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5
Q

Some nouns that refer to people use the same form for both masculine and feminine. These nouns indicate gender by _____________.

Give an example:

A

the article (el or la)

el pianista / la pianista

el estudiante / la estudiante

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6
Q

Nouns that end in -sión, -ción, -dad, -tad, -tud, and -umbre are ____________.

A

feminine

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7
Q

Many nouns that end in -ma are __________.

A

masculine

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8
Q

A few nouns that end in -o are ____________.

A

feminine

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9
Q

If a noun ends in a vowel simply add _____ to make it plural.

A

-s

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10
Q

If a nound ends in a consonant, simply add _______ to make it plural.

A

-es

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11
Q

If a noun ends in -z, change to z to ______ before adding ________ when making that noun plural.

A

c

-es

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12
Q

If a noun ends in -ión, drop the ____________ before adding __________.

A

written accent

-es

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13
Q

If the plural noun refers to a mixed group, use the ____________.

A

masculine

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14
Q

For compound nouns, change “el” to _______.

Give an example:

A

los

abre + latas = abrelatas

open + cans = canopener

el abrelatas / los abrelatas

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15
Q

What are the four definite articles in Spanish?

A

Singular Plural

Masc. el los

Fem. la las

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16
Q

What are the four indefinite articles in Spanish?

A

Singular Plural

Masc un unos

Fem una unas

Note: The plural indefinite articles are translated “some”.

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17
Q

A Spanish adjective agrees in __________ and __________ with the noun it modifies.

A

gender

number

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18
Q

Adjectives that end in -o have four forms:

A

Singular Plural

Masc alto altos

Fem alta altas

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19
Q

Adjectives that end in -e have two forms:

A

Singular Plural

M/F inteligente inteligentes

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20
Q

Most adjectives ending with a consonant have two forms:

A

Singular Plural

M/F popular populares

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21
Q

Adjectives of nationality ending in a consonant have four forms:

A

Singular Plural

Masc español españoles

Fem española españolas

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22
Q

Adjectives ending in -or, -án, -ón, or -ín have four forms:

A

Singular Plural

Masc hablador habladores

Fem habladora habladoras

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23
Q

Adjectives that are descriptive usually __________ the noun they describe.

Give an example:

A

follow

casa blanca = white house

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24
Q

When an adjective speaks of a quality that is inherent and usually taken for granted, the adjective __________ the noun.

Give an example:

A

precedes

la blanca nieve = the white snow

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25
Q

Adjectives of quantity usually come __________ the noun.

Give an example:

A

before

pocos libros = little books

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26
Q

Subject Pronouns

A

Singular Plural

1st yo nosotros

2nd tú vosotros

3rd él ellos

ella ellas

Ud. usted ustedes

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27
Q

estar = to be

Conjugate estar:

A

Singular Plural

1st estoy estamos

2nd estás estáis

3rd está están

Ud. está están

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28
Q

What are the four concepts “estar” is used to express?

A
  1. location
  2. health
  3. changing mood or condition
  4. personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance
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29
Q

ser = to be

Conjugate ser:

A

Singular Plural

1st soy somos

2nd eres sois

3rd es son

Ud. es son

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30
Q

What are the seven basic concepts “ser” is used to express?

A
  1. Description
  2. Profession (omit a/an for unmodified profession)
  3. Point of Origin (de = from)
  4. Identification
  5. Material (de = made of)
  6. Possession or Ownership (de = of)
  7. Where an event takes place
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31
Q

de + el = _______, which means _______

A

del

of the

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32
Q

Hay (pronounced like English “eye) means:

A

there is

there are

is there?

are there?

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33
Q

When “hay” is followed by a plural noun, the __________ is __________.

A

article

omitted

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34
Q

To make a sentence negative, place ______ before “hay”.

A

no

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35
Q

All interrogative words carry ____________.

A

written accents

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36
Q

“Cuantos” and “cauntas” are __________ and must agree in _________ with the plural nouns they describe.

A

adjectives

gender

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37
Q

To refer to a day of the week in English, we say Monday or _____ Monday. In Spanish, the article _____ is used with the name of the day to express this idea.

A

on

el

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38
Q

Days of the week are not __________ in Spanish.

A

capitalized

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39
Q

To form the plural of the days of the week, change _____ to _____ and add _____ only to ____________ and ____________. The names of the other days already end in _____.

A

el

los

-s

el sabado

el domingo

-s

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40
Q

Numbers 16 thru 19 and 21 thru 9 are expressed as _____ word.

For instance, 16 is NOT diez y seis, IT IS __________

and

22 is NOT veinte y dos, IT IS __________.

A

one

dieciseis

veintidos

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41
Q

Numbers 31 thru 99 are expressed as __________ words.

For instance, 34 is ________________

and

99 is ______________.

A

individual

triente y cuatro

noventa y nueve

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42
Q

In English we say one hundred and ten. Spanish does not use y to connect hundreds and the following number.

Examples:

110 = ____________________

220 = ___________________

315 = ___________________

A

ciento diez

doscientos veinte

trescientos quince

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43
Q

When a masculine noun follows the numbers 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, or 91, the _______ is __________ from uno.

Examples:

treinta y un libros = 31 books

cincuenta y un gatos = 51 cats

A

-o

dropped

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44
Q

When a ____________ noun follows a number ending in uno, the feminine form is ________.

Example:

cuarenta y una mujeres = 41 women

A

feminine

una

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45
Q

The number 100 in Spanish uses the following pattern:

100 = ____________

101 = ____________

150 = ____________

199 = ____________

A

100 = cien

101 = ciento uno

150 = ciento cincuenta

199 = ciento noventa y nueve

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46
Q

Cien becomes __________ if it is followed by any number __________ than itself.

Before all nouns, masculine and feminine, it remains ________.

cien libros = 100 books

cien mujeres = 100 women

A

ciento

less

cien

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47
Q

The numbers 200 to 900 agree with the _________ they modify.

Examples:

900 mirrors = ______________

900 naps = ______________

A

noun

novecientos espejos

novecientas siestas

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48
Q

mil = ________

1,000 years = ___________

2,000 years = ____________

A

1,000

mil años

dos mil años

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49
Q

1,000,000 = __________

a million dollars = _______________

two million questions = ___________________

A

un millón (de)

un millón de dólares

dos millones de preguntas

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50
Q

Mil does not __________.

2,000 = __________

3,000 = __________

5,000 = __________

Nor does it need the article _____ in front of it.

A

change

dos mil

tres mil

cinco mil

un

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51
Q

The plural _______ is used only to refer to a large but inexact amount, the way English uses _________.

Example:

Hay miles de personas en el restaurante.

means

There are tons of people in the restaurant.

A

miles

tons

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52
Q

Spanish uses the __________ to separate thousands and the __________ to indicate decimals.

Example: $1.095,25

This makes __________ head _________.

A

period

comma

Mommy´s

explode

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53
Q

Ordinal numbers in Spanish __________ the noun and agree in __________ with the noun they describe.

A

precede

gender

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54
Q

Primero and tercero drop the _______ before a __________ noun.

Examples: el primer hombre

el tercer día

A

-o

masculine

55
Q

Ordinal numbers are used for kings, queens, popes, and centuries. In these cases, they _________ the noun they describe.

el siglo segundo = the second century

Carlos Quinto = Charles the Fifth

A

follow

56
Q

Beginning with the ordinal number eleventh, state the __________ first, then the __________ number.

Example: Eleventh Street = ______________

A

noun

cardinal

la calle once

57
Q

Spanish uses the cardinal numbers ___ to ____ to indicate all days of the month except the _______.

Spanish uses an __________ number only to indicate the __________ of the month.

A

2

31

first

ordinal

first

58
Q

first of the month

A

el primero del mes

59
Q

¿Qué hora es?

A

What hour is it?

What time is it?

60
Q

In telling time, Spanish uses the _______ person singular or plural of _______.

Examples:

It is one o´clock = _____________

It is four o´clock = ______________

A

third

ser

Es la una

Son las cuatro

61
Q

de la mañana

A

(of the) morning

a.m.

62
Q

de la tarde

A

(of the) afternoon

p.m.

63
Q

de la noche

A

(of the) night

p.m.

64
Q

To indicate the exact hour or sharp, Spanish uses __________ or __________.

Examples:

It is exactly five o´clock. = ___________________

It is ten o´clock sharp. = __________________

A

exactamente

en punto

Son las cinco exactamente.

Son las diez en punto.

65
Q

To indicate an approximate time, Spanish uses a eso de + the hour OR the hour + más o menos.

Examples:

It is about one o´clock. = ________________

It is one o´clock, more or less. = ______________

A

Es a eso de la una.

Es la una, más o menos.

66
Q

To express a time after the hour, state the hour + y + the number of minutes.

Examples:

It is 1:20 = ___________

It is 5:10 = ___________

A

Es la una y veinte.

Son las cinco y diez.

67
Q

When it is a quarter after the hour, Spanish uses quince or cuarto.

Examples:

It is 3:15 = _________

It is 6:15 = _________

A

Son las tres y quince.

Son las seis y cuarto.

68
Q

When it is half past the hour, Spanish uses treinta or media.

Examples:

It is 9:30 = ____________

It is 8:30 = _____________

A

Son las nueve y treinta.

Son las ocho y media.

69
Q

To express a time before the hour, state the hour + menos + the number of minutes.

Examples:

It is 2:50 = _______________

It is 10:55 = _______________

It is 8:45 = _______________

It is 11:45 = ________________

A

Son las tres menos diez.

Son las once menos cinco.

Son las nueve menos cuarto.

Son las doce menos quince.

70
Q

menos

A

minus

71
Q

An alternate way to express time before the hour is to state the number of minutes + para + the hour. This expression is ______ a full sentence.

Example:

Five minutes to three o´clock = _________________

A

not

Cinco para las tres

72
Q

To indicate something is happening at a certain time, Spanish uses an expression with the preposition _________.

Example:

At what hour? = ___________

At two o´clock = ___________

A

a

¿A qué hora?

A las dos.

73
Q

Spanish nouns ending in -a that begin with a stressed _____ or _____ are feminine, but they take the __________ article el in the singular and the ______________ article las in the plural.

Give an example.

A

a

ha

masculine

feminine

el arma, las armas

74
Q

How many conjugations does Spanish have?

A

3

75
Q

What are the infinitive endings of the 3 Spanish conjugations?

A

ar

er

ir

76
Q

AR conjugation endings:

A

o amos

as áis

a an

77
Q

All Spanish words that end in a ________ or the consonants _____ or _____ have their natural stress on the ___________ syllable.

A

vowel

n

s

penultimate (second-to-last)

78
Q

The preposition a means ______ in English.

When a is followed by the masculine _____, the words contract to _________.

al means __________.

A

to

el

al

to the

79
Q

ER conjugation endings

A

o emos

es éis

e en

80
Q

IR conjugation endings

A

o imos

es ís

e en

81
Q

Spanish verbs are considered __________ if there is a __________ in the __________ when they are conjugated.

A

irregular

change

stem

82
Q

The nosotros and vosotros forms are __________ by the stem change in the _________ tense.

A

unaffected

present

83
Q

Irregular verbs that end in -ar and -er have ______ possible changes in their stems.

These changes are:

_____ changes to _____

_____ changes to _____

A

two

e changes to ie

o changes to ue

84
Q

Name four verbs ending in -er that are irregular in the yo form only:

A

hacer = to do, to make

poner = to put

saber = to know (a fact), to know how

ver = to see

85
Q

Irregular verbs that end in -ir have _______ possible changes in their stem.

These changes are:

_____ changes to _____

_____ changes to _____

_____ changes to _____

A

3

e changes to ie

e changes to i

o changes to ue

86
Q

Name two verbs ending in -ir that are irregular in the yo form only:

A

oír = to hear

salir = to leave, to exit, to go out

87
Q

Ir + a + an infinitive is used to express ______________.

The English equivalent is _______________________.

Example: Ellos van a cantar esta noche. = ____________.

To form a question place the subject directly after the conjugated form of ir or after the infinitive.

Example: ¿Van ellos a cantar esta noche? = _____________.

A

future time

to be going to do something

They are going to sing tonight.

Are they going to sing tonight?

88
Q

What is an idiom?

A

Idioms are expressions that do not translate directly from one language to another.

89
Q

Many Spanish idioms use the verb ________.

A

tener

90
Q

acabar de + infinitive =

A

to have just done something

91
Q

dejar de + infinitive =

A

to stop doing something

92
Q

tener que + infinitive =

A

to have to do something

93
Q

tratar de + infinitive =

A

to try to do something

94
Q

volver a + infinitive =

A

to do something again

95
Q

What is the most common relative pronoun in everyday speech?

A

que

(that, which, who)

96
Q

What can the relative pronoun que refer to?

A

persons or things

either singular or plural

97
Q

Que can be used as the _________________.

When used this way, que refers to ____________.

When used as the object of a preposition, que is translated as _________.

A

object of a preposition

things only (not people)

which

98
Q

When used as a conjuction, que is translated as _______.

A

that

99
Q

Para has _____ meanings in English.

They are: __________

A

2

for

in order to

100
Q

How do you ask how long someone has been doing something?

Give an example:

A

¿Cuánto tiempo hacer que + verb in the present tense

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que él estudia el francés? = How long has he been studying French?

101
Q

How do you answer the question of how long someone has been doing something?

Give an example:

A

Hace + length of time + que + verb in the present tense

Hace un mes que él estudia el francés. = He has been studying French for a month.

102
Q

How many possessive adjectives are there?

Name them:

A

5

mi

tu

su

nuestro

vuestro

103
Q

Which possessive adjectives have only two forms (singular and plural)?

A

mi, mis

tu, tus

su, sus

104
Q

Possessive adjectives in Spanish agree in _______ and ______ with the noun they modify.

A

gender

number

105
Q

Possessive adjectives ________ the noun they modify.

A

precede

106
Q

Because su/sus can be very ambiguous, to clarify meaning you may use:

A

the noun + de + the pronoun

107
Q

Mi, tu and su do not have __________ and __________ forms.

A

masculine

feminine

108
Q

Which possessive adjectives have four forms each?

A

nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras

vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras

109
Q

Possessive adjectives are _____ used with _____________ or _____________.

Rather, the ______________ is used.

A

not

articles of clothing

body parts

definite article

110
Q

Name all five possessive adjectives:

A

mi, mis

tu, tus

su, sus

nuestro, -a, -os, -as

vuestro, -a, -os, -as

111
Q

In Spanish there are _____ demonstrative adjectives.

They agree in _______ and ________ with the nouns they modify.

A

three

number

gender

112
Q

Demonstrative adjectives have _____ forms.

A

four

113
Q

this

these

(demonstrative adjectives for things near the speaker)

A

Masculine Feminine

this este esta

these estos estas

114
Q

that

those

(demonstrative adjective for things near the listener)

A

Masculine Feminine

that ese esa

those esos esas

115
Q

that (over there)

those (over there)

(demonstrative adjectives for things far from both the speaker and listener)

A

Masculine Feminine

that (over there) aquel aquella

those (over there) aquellos aquellas

116
Q

Neuter demonstrative pronouns refer to ______________, a ______________, or a _______________.

A

an object that is not know

a statement

or a general idea

117
Q

There are ______ neuter demonstrative pronouns.

Name them:

A

three

esto = this

eso = that

aquello = that (farther away in place or time)

118
Q

Comparative adjectives express what 3 concepts?

A

more than

less than

the same as

119
Q

What is the comparative structure to express more than?

A

más + adjetivo + que

more + adjective + than

120
Q

What is the comparative structure that expresses less than?

A

menos + adjetivo + que

less + adjective + than

121
Q

What is the comparative structure that expresses the same as?

A

tan + adjetivo + como

as + adjective + as

122
Q

What 2 things do superlative adjectives express?

A

the most

the least

123
Q

What is the superlative structure that expresses the most?

A

el (la) más + adjetivo + de

(the) most + adjective + of

124
Q

What is the superlative structure that expresses the least?

A

el (la) menos + adjetivo + de

(the) least + adjective + of

125
Q

In the superlative structure, Spanish de can be translated as ______.

A

in

126
Q

Menor and mayor refer only to ____________.

If you want to compare trees or buildings use the ________________.

Give an example:

A

people

regular comparative structure

Estos árboles son menos viejos que aquellos árboles.

127
Q

more + noun + than

I have more pencils than Maria.

A

más + nombre + que

Tengo más lápices que María.

128
Q

less + noun + than

She has fewer books than I.

A

menos + nombre + que

Ella tiene menos libros que yo.

129
Q

as much + noun + as

as many + noun + as

He has as much hair as his uncle.

A

tanto + nombre + como

Él tiene tanto pelo como su tío.

130
Q

Tanto is an __________ and agrees with the ________ it modifies.

A

adjective

noun

131
Q

In Spanish adverbs are formed by adding _______ to the _____________ of the adjective.

A

-mente

feminine form

132
Q

If an adjective does not end in ____ it has ________ form for masculine and feminine.

To form an adverb from these adjectives simply add _______ to the adjective.

A

-o

the same

-mente

133
Q

If there are two adverbs in a series, only the ________ will add -mente.

The first in the series takes the ____________________.

Example: I speak clearly and concisely.

A

final one

feminine form of the adjective

Example: Hablo clara y concisamente.

Deep Wood Academy Spanish (9 decks)

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