Spanish Grammar for Dummies Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Encender
A
Switch on
2
Q
Escoger
A
To chose
3
Q
Ir al grano
A
To go to the grain
Let’s get down to brass tacks or let’s get to the point
Vamos al grano. Let’s get to the point
Vaya al grano Get to the point
4
Q
Avergonzado
A
Embarrassed
5
Q
Es de toma pan y moja
A
It takes bread and dip
The idea is when a meal is really good you wipe the plate clean with bread
¡Este trabajo es de toma pan y moja. (This essay is amazing)
6
Q
Estar chupado
A
To be super easy
To be licked
7
Q
Aperitivo
A
Snack
8
Q
Abrumar
A
Overwhelm, overpower
Crush
Oppress
Assail
9
Q
Importarse un pimiento
A
Important as a small pepper, (it’s trivial)
Me importa un pimiento. I couldn’t care less or I don’t care
10
Q
Embarazada
A
Pregnant
11
Q
Gruñir
A
Grumble
12
Q
Exigir
A
To demand
13
Q
Importar
A
To care about
14
Q
Regular -ar and -er verbs whose stems change from e to ie
Boot
Empiezo
A
Empezar Entender Comenzar Defender Despertarse Pensar Perder Querer Recomendar Sentarse
15
Q
Ni….ni…
A
No….ni….ni
No…neither….nor
Ella no va a esperar ni aquí, ni en su casa.
She is not going to wait here, nor at her house
16
Q
Fingir
A
To pretend
17
Q
¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles?
Which (one)? Which (ones)?
Use when questions involve a choice.
Use ¿Que? (What? or Which?) when a noun follows the interrogative.
A
¿Cuál prefiere usted?
Which (one) do you prefer?
¿Qué libro lees ahora?
Which book are you reading now?
18
Q
El jarrón
A
The vase
19
Q
Recordar
A
To remember, to remind
20
Q
Régimen
A
Diet
21
Q
Sentirse
A
To feel (well, ill), to suffer
22
Q
Le
Me. Te. Le. Nos. Os. Les
A
To/for him,her,it or you singular formal (IOP)
Gabriel le compró una rosa a Anita
Gabriel bought a rose for Anita
Gabriel le compró una rosa
Gabriel bought a rose for her
In Spanish it’s common for both the IOP and the noun to which it refers appear together. Because the third person IOP is gender neutral, it is common to maintain the IO phrase in the sentence for clarification.
23
Q
Verbs that replace the final e or i with d
Poner Pondr Salir. Saldr Tener. Tendr Valer. Valdr Venir. Vendr
A
Future irregular stems
To be worth
24
Q
Other verbs that work like gustar pg 157
Disgustar Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Parecer
A
To hate To love To need To love, to adore To care about To be interested by To be bothered by To seem to, to appear to
25
Sentir
El sentir
To regret
Feel, sense
Feeling, sensation
26
Irregular tú commands
```
Decir
Hacer.
Ir
Poner
Salir
Ser
Tener
Valer
Venir
```
Di. No digas Talk away
Haz. No hagas. Make, do
Ve. No vayas. Go
Pon. No pongas. Put
Sal. No salgas. Out, go out
Sé. No seas. Be, don’t be
Ten. No tengas. Have
Val. No valgas. Be worth
Ven. No vengas. Come
27
Antelación
Tuve que comprar los billetes con antelación
Advance
I had to purchase the tickets in advance
28
Present progressive with verbs other then estar
```
Andar
Continuar
Ir
Seguir
Venir
```
Ando, andas, anda, andamos, andáis, andan
Continúo, continuás, continúa, continuamos, continuáis, continúan
Voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
Sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen
Vengo, vienes, viene, venimos vanís, vienen
29
Alcalde
Mayor
30
Ordinal numbers
```
Primero/primers
Segundo/segunda
Tercero/tercera
Cuarto/cuarta
Quinto/quinta
Sexto/sexta
Séptimo/séptima
Octavo/octava
Noveno/novena
Décimo/décima
```
31
Conducir
Lead, drive
32
Yerno/a
Son in law
| Daughter in law also nuera
33
Three irregular usted commands
Ir
Saber
Ser
Vaya No vaya. Go
Sepa. No sepa. Know
Sea. No sea. Be
Ustedes
Vayan
Sepan
Sean
34
Vencer
To overcome, to conquer
35
Rociar
To sprinkle, spray
36
Advertir
To advise, to give warning
37
Coger
Cogió la pelota que salió fuera de la cancha
To grasp, to grab
He grabbed the ball that went off the field
38
Varón
Male
39
Entregar
El mensajero entregó el paquete a tiempo
Deliver
The courier delivered the package on time
40
Recoger
To gather, to collect
41
Faltar un tornillo
To lack a screw
To have a screw loose
42
Tomar el pelo
To pull someone’s hair
To joke around with someone
¿Me tomas el pelo? Are you kidding me?
43
Verbs that end in a vowel plus -cer or -cir change the c to zc in the yo form in the present tense
Ofrezco
```
Ofrecer
Producir
Aparecer
Complacer
Conducir
Conocer
Crecer
Establecer
Permanecer
Reconocer
Traducir
```
44
Esparcir
To scatter, to spread
45
Acordarse
To remember
47
Zurcir
To darn, to mend
49
Estar como una cabra
You are crazy
You are like a goat
50
Verbs that end in a consonant plus-cer or - cir change the c to z in the yo form in the present tense
Venzo
```
Vencer
Esparcir
Coercer
Convencer
Ejercer
Zurcir
```
51
Present progressive with:
```
Estar
Andar
Continuar
Ir
Seguir
Venir
```
```
To be
To go around rather than to walk
To continue
Going around
To continue, to follow
Comes
```
Maria está paseando a su perro
Maria is walking her dog
Rudolfo anda buscando su perro
Rudolfo is going around looking for his dog
El bebé continúa durmiendo
The baby continues sleeping
Ella va diciendo que ganó
She's going around saying that she won
Nosotros seguimos caminando por el bosque
We continue walking through the forest
Agustín viene montando en su bicicleta
Agustin comes riding his bike
53
Acceder
Agree
54
Proseguir
To continue, proceed
55
Complacer
To please
56
Verbs that come complete with a preposition
```
Apagar. To turn off
Aprobar. Approve of
Bajar. Go down
Caerse. Fall down
Conocer Be acquainted with
Encender. Turn on
Envolver. Wrap up
Escuchar. Listen to
Esperar. Hope for, wait for
Lograr. Succeed in
Mirar. Look at
Pagar. Pay for
Pedir. Ask for
Sacar. Take out
Subir. Go up
```
57
Verbs that end in -guir change the gu to g in the yo form in the present tense.
Distingo
Sigo
```
Distinguir
Seguir
Conseguir
Extinguir
Perseguir
Proseguir
```
58
Regular -ir verbs whose stems change from e to i
Boot
Pido
```
Pedir
Desvestirse
Medir
Repetir
Servir
Vestirse
```
59
Los gastos
The expenses
60
Verbs that are irregular in most all or all of their tense conjugations
```
Estar
Ir
Oír
Ser
Tener
Venir
Decir
```
62
Corregir
Correct
63
Hembra
Female
64
Seguir
To follow, pursue, continue
65
So
Por eso
Ella no va, por eso no vamos tampoco
She's not going, so we're not going either
66
Conseguir
To get, obtain
67
Devolver
To return (an object), to refund, to give back
68
Confiar (en)
To rely (on), to confide (in)
69
Aburrir
| Asistir
To annoy, to bore
To attend
Aburriendo
Asistiendo
70
```
Perezoso/perezosa
Adolorido
Inquieto
Enfadados
Abrumado
Agradecido
Deprimido
Enojado
Mojado
Sorprendido
```
```
Lazy
Sore
Anxious
Angry
Overwhelmed
Grateful
Depressed
Angry
Wet
Surprised
```
71
Huir
To flee
72
DOP
Me. Te. Lo. La. Nos. Os. Los. Las.
They take the place of the person, place or thing the action is performed on.
"He saw it" - the pronoun "it" is the direct object of saw.
El lo vió
73
Making comparisons of equality use the words “as plus the adverb plus as”
Tan as
Como as
Ella maneja tan rápido como su esposo
Este grupo toca su música tan alto como el otro
74
Agitar
Shake, agitate
75
Alguno/a. Algún
Algunos/as
Ninguno/a. Ningún
Any
Some
None, not any
Ninguno only used in the singular
76
Verbs that drop the final e
Caber Cabr
Poder. Podr
Querer. Querr
Saber Sabr
Irregular future stems
To fit
77
Adorar
Adore, worship
78
Regular -ar and-er verbs whose stems change from o to ue
Boot
Encuentro
```
Encontrar
Poder
Acordar
Acordarse
Acostarse
Almorzar
Colgar
Doler
Probar
Probarse
Recordar
Sonar
Soñar
Volar
Volver
```
79
Use ¿Cuál? Almost exclusively with ser.
Use ¿Que? with ser to ask for a definition.
¿Cuál es la fecha hoy?
What's today's date?
¿Qué es cuadruplicado?
What is quadruplicate?
80
Criar
To raise
81
Carpeta
Puse los examenes en una carpeta
Folder
I put the exams in a folder
82
El plomero
Plumber
83
Sacudir
Shake
84
Estoy como un flan
I’m so nervous
85
Orgulloso/a
Proud. Estoy orgullosa de tus logros
I’m proud of your accomplishments
Conceited, vain. Soy orgulloso
Roberto’s so proud that he never apologizes
Roberto es tan orgulloso que nunca pide perdón
86
IOP
To or for whom or what the action is performed.
Sally gave the ball to Tom
Tom is the IOP because he is receiving the ball
87
Una merienda
Snack
88
Verbs that end in -iar or -uar add an accent mark to the i or u in Boot form. Because i and u are weak vowels you have to add an accent mark to have the stress fall on the correct syllable.
Esquío
Actúo
```
Esquiar
Actuar
Acentuar
Criar
Desafiar
Efectuar
Evaluar
Guiar
Rociar
Variar
```
89
Poesía
Poetry
90
¿Qué día lo harías?
What day would you do it?
Hacer. To make, to do
91
Encantar
Bewitch
Charm
Enchant
Captivate
92
Arreglar
To fix
93
Tú estás como un queso hoy
Mexico
You’re looking good today
94
Ciudadano/a
Citizens
95
Acabar de
Cuando acabes de comer lava los platos
To have just done + infinitive
When you finish eating wash the dishes
Acabsr Finish, terminate, end
96
Let’s command irregular
Ir
Saber
Ser
Ir Vamos (let’s go) no vayamos
Saber. Sepamos (let’s know) no sepamos
Ser. Seamos (let’s be) no seamos
97
Verbs that end in -ger or -gir, change the g to j in the yo form in the present tense
```
Escoger. Escojo
Fingir. Finjo
Coger. Cojo
Dirigir. Dirijo
Exigir. Exijo
Proteger. Protejo
Recoger. Recojo
Sumergir. Sumerjo
```
98
Verbs just have to memorize in future
Decir
Hacer
Dir
| Har
99
Rather
| But
No.....sino
No me gusta descansar sino trbajar
I don't like to rest I'd rather work
No es pobre quien tiene muy poco sino quien ansía demasiado
Poor is not the one who has to little but the one who wants too much
Ansiar. Yearn, desire, covet
100
Using cómo depending on the context used:
Estar How? Temporary
Ser. What? Permanent condition or qualities
¿Cómo estás?
How are you?
¿Cómo es el profesor?
What’s the professor like?
¿Cuánto pesa el equipaje?
How heavy is the luggage?
Cómo never directly precedes an adjective or adverb
101
Responder
Answer
102
Conocer
To be aquatinted with
Use when discussing familiarity or lack thereof with a certain person place or object
103
Urdir
Los marinero pasaron dos semanas urdiendo el motín del barco
Scheme, cook up, make up, plot
The sailors schemed the mutiny of the ship for two weeks
Weave
104
Verbs that end in -uir (except those that end in -guir) add a y right after the u before you add the conjugated endings (Boot).
Incluyo
```
Incluir
Concluir
Construir
Contribuir
Distribuir
Destruir
Huir
Influir
Sustituir
```
105
Aprobar
Hay que estudiar mucho para aprobar ese examen de espanol
To pass
You have to study a lot to pass the Spanish test
106
Lograr
No todos logran sus objectivos en la vida
To reach, to be able to
Not everyone reaches their goals in life
107
Sino (conjunction)
No fuimos a la costa sino a la montaña
No es pobre quien tiene muy poco sino quien ansía demasiado
But
We didn’t go to the coast but to the mountains
Poor is not the one who has to little but the one who wants to much
108
Ansiar
To long for
109
Herir
To harm, to wound
110
Corregir
Correct
111
Regular -ir verbs whose stems change from e to ie
Boot
Advierto
```
Advertir
Divertirse
Herir
Mentir
Preferir
Sentirse
```
111
Coercer
To constrain, to restrict
111
Ser
To be (describing age, profession, origin, and permanent qualities)
```
Soy
Eres
Es
Somos
Sois
Son
```
111
List of verbs that commonly have both a DOP and an IOP
```
Contar
Dar
Decir
Devolver
Enseñar
Entregar
Escribir
Explicar
Mandar
Ofrecer
Regalar
Traer
Vender
```
```
To recount, to tell
To give
To tell, to say
To return (an object), to refund, to give back
To teach, to show
To deliver
To write
To explain
To send
To offer
To gift
To bring
To sell
```
111
Retraso
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Delay
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