Spanish grammer Flashcards
(29 cards)
vowel plural endings
- s
ex: el amigo - los amigos
consonant plural endings
- es
ex: el programador - los programadores
y plural endings
- es
ex: el rey - los reyes
z plural endings
- ces
ex: la actriz - las actrices
accento plural endings
remove accent / add -es
ex: el capitán - los capitanes
adjectives ending in -or, -an, -on
end in -ora, -ana, -ona
adjectives of nationality
end in -a in feminine
ex: un doctor espanol - un doctora espanola
bueno, malo, primero, tercero before a noun
become buen, mal, tercer
grande before a singular noun
becomes gran
a + el
al
de + el
del
la before a feminine noun beginning with a stressed a or ha
becomes el
ex: el agua fria
particular uses of definite articles
- with titles (when not addresing directly)
ex: el Sr. Martinez - with parts of body and personal possessions (ex: Me lavo las manos)
- with dates (ex: Salimos el dos de septiembre)
- with times of day (ex: Son las nueve y media)
- with days of the week (ex: Me voy el martes proxima)
- with names of certain countries
- with names of languages (ex: El espanol es un idioma)
countries with definite articles
la Argentina el Canada el Ecuador el Peru los Estados Unidos el Cuzco
definite articles
el / la
los / las
indefinite articles
un / una
una / unas
Ommision of indefinite article
- with professions after ser and hacerse unless modified by an adjective (ex: Mi prima es abogada)
- after verbs like tener, llevar, poseer, and hay when quantity of one is not emphasized (ex: No tengo coche)
- after con and sin, when quantity not emphasized (ex: No salgas sin impermeable)
- with words like otro, tal, medio, que (ex: Necesito otro lapiz)
Ser uses
- basic traits and relatively permanent characteristics
2. possession, time, and date
Estar uses
- states and conditions
2. location
se + verb
they, we, people, one
ex: Se prohibe fumar (Smoking is prohibited.)
Se serve comida (We serve food.)
ir + a + infinitive
things that are going to happen
ex: Voy a usar la secadora (I am going to use the hairdryer)
acabar + de + infinitive
things have just happened
ex: Acabamos de desayunarnos (We just had breakfast)
verb + preposition + a
aprender a
comenzar a
empezar a
ensenar a
verb + preposition + de
cesar de
dejar de
tratar de
