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UCDavis - Intro to Wine > Sparkling Wine > Flashcards

Sparkling Wine Flashcards

(23 cards)

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1
Q

What is “sparkling wine?”

A

Wine that contains dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) that is formed naturally during a secondary fermentation.

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2
Q

What ae different kinds of sparkling wine and where are they made?

A
  • Champagne - made only in Champagne region of France
  • Cremant - sparkling wine made in other areas of France
  • Spumante - made in italy, often sweet
  • Sekt - made in Germany
  • Cava - Made in Spain
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3
Q

How is sparkling wine defined in the U.S.?

A

wine having more than 1atmosphere of pressure or 3.92 CO2 per liter

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4
Q

What is the basic process for making sparkling wine?

A

Harvest
Press
First Fermentation to Cuvee
Add Tirage (sugar + Yeast)
Second Fermentation
Add Dosage (sugar syrup)
Corking

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5
Q

What is Methode Ancestrale?

A
  • Original form of sparkling wine
  • Wine was bottled and sealed before all the sugars were consumed
  • Fermentation continued in the bottle
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6
Q

What three basic approaches are used to make sparkling wine?

A

Methode Champenois - traditional method of Champagne
Transfer Method - secondary fermentation in tanks and then transferred to bottles
Charmat Method - Bulk Method

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7
Q

What are the only three grape varieties allowed in Champagne region?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
  • Pinot Meunier
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8
Q

What is the typical Brix level for grapes harvested for sprakling wine?

A

16-20 brix
lower level than for still wines

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9
Q

What are the three common descriptions for sparkling wine?

A

Blanc de Blanc - white from white
Blanc de Noirs - White from Blacks
Rose - pink from blacks (short skin contact)

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10
Q

Describe the steps in Methode Champenois

A
  1. First fermentation to
  2. Cuvee
  3. Add Tirage
  4. Transfer to bottles
  5. Seal/Cap bottles with crown and bidule
  6. Second fermentation in bottles (1-3 months)
  7. Sur Lie aging 1-5 years
  8. Riddling - to settle lees and sediment in neck of bottle
  9. Disgorgement - to remove lees/sediment plug
  10. Add dosage to desired sweetness
  11. Seal with cork, wire cage and foil cover
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11
Q

What happens during first fermentation?

A

Juice is fermented to dryness with Cerevisae yeast to create Cuvee

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12
Q

What is Cuvee

A
  • Base wine for sparkling wine
  • low alcohol content of 9-11%
  • high in acid
  • no residual sugar
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13
Q

What is Tirage

A

a mixture of yeast and sugar dissolved in a small amount of the Cuvee wine

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14
Q

What happens during second fermentation?

A
  • After adding the tirage, the yeast completes a second fermentation in the bottle
  • The CO2 remains dissolved in the wnie
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15
Q

Describe Riddling

A

Riddling is the process of slowly rotating and turning the bottle upright to collect lees and sediment in the neck of the bottle

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16
Q

Describe disgorgement

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Disgorgement is the process to remove the lees plug from the bottle
  • The neck of the bottle is frozen below -25C to freeze the lees into a plug which is then disgorged from the bottle
17
Q

What is Dosage?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Dosage is a sugar srup added to the bottle after disgorgement and before corking
  • Amount of sugar in the dosage is determined by the sweetness desired in the finished wine
18
Q

What does “fermented in this bottle” mean?

Study These Flashcards
A

Indicates the wine was made in the methose champenois or traditionale method.

19
Q

Describe the “Transfer Method” of sparkling wine production.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Similar to tradicional method until ging and riddling steps
  • Instead of riddling, the wine is transferred to large, refrigerated transfer tanks where the wine is mixed and filtered to remove sediment and dosage is added
20
Q

What are the steps in the trasnfer method?

Study These Flashcards
A

After second fermentation
1. Trasnfer to refrigerated tank, under pressure
2. Clarify via settling and filtration
3. Add dosage to desired sweetness
4. Re-bottle in clean bottle, cork, cage, and foil

21
Q
  • What does “Fermented in the bottle” or bottle fermented indicate?
Study These Flashcards
A

Sparkling wine made by the trasnfer method

22
Q

Descrive the Charmat (bulk) process for sparkling wine.
Also called Metodo Italiano

Study These Flashcards
A

Process in which the second fermentation takes place in bulk in large refrigerated, sealed tanks

23
Q

What are the steps in the Charmat process?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Cuvee
  2. Add Tirage
  3. Transfer to pressuraize, refrigerated tanks
  4. second fermentation
  5. Clarify via settling and filtration
  6. Add dosage
  7. bottle in clean, bottles, cork, cage, and foil

UCDavis - Intro to Wine (11 decks)

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