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Classics 1000 > Sparta and Athens > Flashcards

Sparta and Athens Flashcards

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1
Q

Sparta is the most ______ city in the Greel world, in the classical and Archaic ages

A

Powerful

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2
Q

The spartans were a _____ society, making it ______ to gain information on them

A

A closed society so more difficult to gain info on them

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3
Q

how is Sparta the same as other poleis?

A

same in that it was patriarchal, polyhteistic, rested on versaille labour, econ based on agriculture, recovered both law and martial matter

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4
Q

How is sparta different than other poleis

A

clearly defined goals, expanded a lot trying to attain them

Also super patriotic, anti individualistic which made for power/sense of belonging

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5
Q

what/where is lanconia

A

The surrounding terretory of sparta

Important centre in bronze age, suffered same dark period and renewal
A lot of dorians live in this region

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6
Q

define sinoichism

How did sparta go through it

A

the banding together of different

After the dark aged, they when through sonoichism, and one town centre (sparta) became the ruling city

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7
Q

what problem did sparta have? what did this inspire?

A

Sparta had a problem - needed land to help feed growing population

Instead of looking for land they conquered their neighbours, and eventually gained control of plain of laconia

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8
Q

the people they invaded in Laconia almost all became ______, to ensure they kept lanconian plane

A

Helots

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9
Q

Define helot

A

basically the slaves of the spartans

had to surrender a portion of their land (kleros) and give it to the spartans, as well as the furit of their labour

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10
Q

those who did not become helots became ______

A

Perioeci

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11
Q

define perioci

A

Habitats surrounding sparta on lanconian plane

they were more free but obligated to fight in army, and not allowed to participate in government

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12
Q

in the early archaic period, sparta invaded _______ in he first messenian war

A

messenis

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13
Q

after the first messenian war, the messenians became ____

A

helots

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14
Q

the first messnian war lasted _____ years

A

20 years

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15
Q

after conquering Messenia sprats became ….. ?

A

one of the largest greek states

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16
Q

the second messenian war was fought against _____

A

Argos

we dont know much about it

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17
Q

the Spartans had some trouble in the second Messenian war, whcih caused what

A

Helots overhear their struggle in the war they were having and rebelled

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18
Q

what mistake did sparta make in ensalving the helots

A

Mistake to enslave people on their own land, esp when theres more slaves than masters (about 7 helots for every spartan master)

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19
Q

when the helots rebelled, and sparta won, what did this inspire

A

They realized if their hoplites could be trained to their highest potential military skill, they would have military advtg over helots and enemies

Reformed their goals

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20
Q

what two goals did the spartans have

A

2 new goals:

All male citizens trained to be soldiers, free from other obligations

Socialising them to accept the regimond and discipline required of spartan soldiers

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21
Q

Until the hellenistic period, spartans had the only _______ ______

A

Until the hellenistic period, they were the only professional soldiers

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22
Q

why could the spartan system be considered totalitarian

A

it touched on personal things like how to wear your hair, conditions of conjugal intercourse, decision of procreation, whether and when to marry etc

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23
Q

when training young boys, what was the spartan ideal this training was based upon

A

to be skilled and courageous in battle, not surrender, and give up his life for his city

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24
Q

the spartan training began at birth, what did they do?

A

examining all newborns on whether they’d be trained or abandoned

A panel decided whether or not child was going to be trained

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25
All children got _____ ________
the same education
26
at what age did children leave home to be trained
7 years old
27
what did the young boys get trained towards? how did they do this?
Training to be resilient and strong ( barefoot, hair cut short, told to steal and punished for getting caught, learnt to deal with harsh weather as they fought in winters)
28
During the weekly inspections of the boys called _____, what did this entail
called the parade They had to be naked Male and female They were given praise or were mocked by crowd on the ideal physique
29
What happened for boys in training from age 14-20
Performed their preliminary military service for first time Grew hair long Training every day
30
From age 20-30 Spartans could get married but.......?
Had to live wit da bois
31
what is the syssition? why is it important?
Acceptance into syssition was essential to becoming an adult Syssition (dining group of about 15 others) Each provided food and drink Similar to symposia but different cause spartan were taught to drink in moderation
32
what did the helots do in the syssition
Helots would get fucked up doe and dance and shit to entertain spartains, they were encouraged to laughed at em - to teach them lesson about drinking too much and to view the helots as pathetic
33
Boys who couldn't stand the lifestyle were called _______, had to wear dumb cloak and not allowed to be in office
Tremblers
34
Spartan woman were raised to ______ ______ to be
bare soldier to be
35
How were the spartan woman generally treated
Received better treatments than many other greek woman, exercising, going outdoors, well fed
36
what did aristotle think of the spartan women
that they had too much freedom
37
when would women get married
their mid 20's
38
What did the marriage ceremony entail
the braide shaved her head husband snuck into her room they fuck and then he sneaks back to his barracks
39
Same-sex sex was seen as _______ as long as physical attraction wasnt the primary driver
educational
40
why was the spartan population shrinking
From the beginning they were limited in growth Lack of trade and colonisation Never got with foreigners Their lifestyle made it worse, infaticide, soldiers trained to give up life for sparta Population decline was gradual Made worse also by natural disasters, emigration and econ problems
41
Spartan referred to each other as _____
equals
42
the entire economy was based around what?
Economy designed to enable citizens to give their time to defending polis Agriculture was produced by the helots for the spartans, which was their entire economy
43
define homoioi
Spartans referred to themselves as homoioi
44
every year sparta did something to ensure the helots stayed at bay, what was it? why?
Spartans controlled the helots by every year they would declare a war on the helots to be able to say they were rebelling and have an excuse to make em docile
45
spartans had a _____ kingship which is???
Dula kingship Two kings from two diff blood lines, one ruling at home and one ruling in battle One of the few greek poleis that survived as a monarchy
46
the groups of 28 elders who, along with the kinn, proposed laws to the people at the assembly were called what
Gerousia
47
How were the gerousia appointed and how long did they rule
They were appointed by the people They ruled for life
48
Explain the ephors and their level of power
had no responsibility of thei own, only rules for one year if a law was passed that they saw as a bad law, not spartan, they would refuse the law and then the gerousia would have to make a new law They even had power over the king
49
What is the assembly
the Gerousia would propose a law to the assembly assembly is made up of spatan males they would say “All opposed vs all for” and whichever was loudest would win the law could not be passed unless approved by the assembly
50
Almost every polis in this area came to be a part of an alliance that modern scholars call the _________ ______
Peloponnesian league
51
When the Peloponnesian league voted on things, ow were the votes devided
Sparta's vote was worth the same as every other polies combined
52
the Peloponnesian league had a _____ alliance, meaning what?
a defensive alliance If an attacker attacked any of the poleis involved, they had every polei in the peloponnesian league on their side Made for a relatively stable system
53
t or f we have lots of information on athens
True
54
describe Athenian Synoecism
Athenian Synoecism banded together, but over and over again until they grew into a fatty land mass called Attica
55
the early athenian government had 9 _____
Archons
56
what is an archon
they gave advice and proposed laws Carried them out if passed by assembly
57
What did the assembly do
They voted on the laws proposed and either passed em or didint
58
The failed tyranny of Cylon inferred what
Tried to become tyrant, failed, but This means there was prolly some discontent in the people
59
Athens was poor in _____ but rich in Olives
Athens was poor in grain but rich in Olives
60
Civil crisi in Athens lead to the "shaking off of debts" which means what
“Shaking off debts” - people had taken on loans from wealthy, the loan in indefinite but from now own they owe ⅙ of all their exports to them
61
In athens, immigration is _______. Why?
Encouraged you can become an Athenian if you have artistic or craftsmanship abilities
62
if fathers did not teach their sons a skill or trade, they owe them ______
if fathers did not teach their sons a skill or trade, they owe them nothing
63
There were four wealth based classes of citizens. what would 2, 3 and 4 do
top 2 - could be an archon 3 - could dun for ant other type of office 4 - could be in the assembly
64
_______ made himself a tyrant with the support of the hill faction
Pisistratus
65
what are the three factions?
Hill - prolly everyone else and poor coast - prolly merchants plains - prolly farmers
66
How many attempts did is take Pisistratus to seize power as a tyrant
three (loser)
67
why was Pisistratus' third attempt successful
got a private army and with support of hill people he became tyrant for 19 years till his death
68
what policies did Pisistratus stand for
- Land redistribution and interest-free loans -Refurbished water supply, giving access to fresh water to people living in town - Renovated acropolis - Created government backed currency - Established trade routes - public theatrical and sports festivals - first festival for dramatic plays - Established sporting festivals too (panathenion) , where they were given prizes unlike in the olympics
69
how did Pisistratus' dynasty collapse
Dude was assassinated by two young men because he insulted their sister tried to make it so his two sons would take over There was this parade of virgins (unmarried woman) and dude said naw sister u cant be involved (insulting af apparently)
70
In the reforms of Cleisthenes (tyrant), there was a reconfiguration of attica from ___ tribes to ___
4 ot 10 tribes
71
what is attica
Attica - was the surrounding area around athens
72
the tribes were ____ ________ connected
Tribes were not geographically connected (eg, tribe 4 is located in a few places)
73
Cleisthenes created a new council that could propose laws which included _____ men ___ from each tribe chosen at _____ legislative power given entirely to _______
500 men 50 from each tribe Chosen at random Legislative power given entirely to the assembly - all laws are to be decided on by assembly even if drafted

Classics 1000 (15 decks)

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