SpartanSociety2

Question 1

Great Rhetra Modern

Answer 1

‘Arguably, nothing was more important to the evolution of Sparta into a city-state with a highly unusual and unique constitution than the Spartan conquest of Messenia’ - Helena Schrader

Question 2

Kings

Answer 2

Offer all the public sacrifices on behalf of the state, in virtue of his divine descent
Xenophon

Question 3

Gerousia

Answer 3

prevented neglect of high principles even in old age
Xenophon

Question 4

Ephorate

Answer 4

[during war] present two of the ephors, who interfere with nothing, but keep an eye of proceedings
Xenophon

Question 5

Helots

Answer 5

Assess exhausted under great loads: under painful necessity to bring their master half full their ploughed land produced
Tyrateus

Question 6

Agoge

Answer 6

Required them to harden their feet by going without shoes - [to] enable them to climb hills more easily & descend steep inclines with less danger
Xenophon

Question 7

Helot Control Military

Answer 7

from taking office the ephors declare war on the helots so that they can be killed without pollution
Plutarch

Question 8

Syssitia

Answer 8

the flattened bread had the power of.. a negative vote, and if one negative vote was counted he is not admitted entry to the group
Plutarch

Question 9

Krypteia - training

Answer 9

Part of the training of spartan soldiers, prepare them for harsh conditions & secret missions
Plato

Question 10

krypteia - modern

Answer 10

An elite force of lightly armed soldiers sent to fight the helots using unconventional methods, most likely in small teams, it matches the model of guerrilla warfare perfectly
Ross

Question 11

Women birth

Answer 11

…most important job of free women was to bear children… women should take as much trouble over physical fitness as men Plutarch

Question 12

Women land ownership

Answer 12

nearly two-fifths of the whole area of the country is owned by women
Aristotle

Question 13

Women acheological

Answer 13

Athlete mirror – athlete cap, flowers on ear, chest strap with amulets, sickle for victors

Question 14

Land ownership

Answer 14

there was dreadful inequality… wealth was wholly concentrated in the hands of a few…and divide it up anew, and to live with one another on a basis of entire uniformity and equality in the means of subsistence
Plutarch

Question 15

Land ownership - modern

Answer 15

The decline of Spartiate citizen numbers in the fifth and fourth centuries was surely grounded in increasing inequalities of wealth
Hodkinson

Question 16

Bronze

Answer 16

Bronze statue of Athena Chalkioikos of the Bronze House by Gitiadas

Question 17

Pottery

Answer 17

Market scene plate, Kylix, 565-560 BC

Question 18

Trade

Answer 18

Giglio Shipwreck – 600-575 BC

Question 19

Iron Bars

Answer 19

caused the end of trade & craft – end of greed, envy & legal disputes
Plutarch

Question 20

The great rhetra ancient

Answer 20

The best constitution is a combination of all existing forms… Because it is made up of oligarchy, monarchy & democracy
Aristotle

Question 21

Threat of Helots

Answer 21

The Spartans lived in constant fear of internal revolution, helots were the single largest threat to the spartan way of life
Thycidutes