Spec Set 2 Flashcards Preview

biology year 2 > Spec Set 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Spec Set 2 Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

name structures of C,D and E

A

C - m line

D - mitochondrion

E - myofibril

2
Q

give name of structure between points A and B

A

sarcomere

3
Q
A
  • low pH changes shape of calcium ion receptors
  • fewer calcium ions bind to tropomyosin
  • less tropomyosin expose actin myosin binding site
  • less formation of actin myosin crossbridges
4
Q
A
  • protection to prevent damage of tissue
  • rapid
  • help escape from pred
  • enable homeostatic control
  • dont need to learn
5
Q
A
  • receptors ONLY on post synaptic membrane
  • neurotransmitter ONLY released from pre -synaptic membrane
6
Q
A
  • less protons transported across TK membrane
  • less ATP produced
  • less NADPH produced
  • LIDR slows
7
Q
A

heat given off by high energy electrons

8
Q
A

water still re absorbed

9
Q

explain shape of curve in loop of henle

A
  • conc rises in descending limb because sodium ions enter AND water lost
  • conc falls in ascending limb because sodium ions actively removed
  • water remains in ascending limb because walls = imperm
10
Q

whats the evidence that the person was secreting ADH

A
  • adh inc perm of walls of collecting duct to water
  • conc inc as water lost by osmosis
11
Q

define epigenetics

A
  • heretible changes in gene function
  • without changes to base sequence of dna
12
Q
A

oestrogen - protein

methyl groups - dna

acetyl groups - protein

13
Q
A
  • methyl groups added on to TSG - mutation
  • transcription of TSG inhibited
  • leads to uncontrolled cell division
14
Q
A
  • abiotic factors constant
  • same species present over long time
  • pop stable (around carring capacity)
15
Q
A
  • human gene contains introns
  • e coli cannot splice mrna to remove introns
16
Q
A

gene machine faster than all enzyme catalysed reactions

17
Q
A
  • cut plasmid with RE
  • both have comp / sticky ends
  • add ligase to join comp / sticky ends
18
Q
A

can quickly identify transformed bacteria under UV light

19
Q

arabinose is a sugar that can bind to araC

why must geneticists include arabinose in the agar plate on which she hopes to grow e coli

A
  • arabinose alters structure of araC protein
  • stops inhibition of promotor gene and GFP gene transcribed
20
Q
A
  • less resp - less gas exchange
  • spiracles open less - less water loss
21
Q
A
  • large sample - representative
  • positive correlation
  • overlaps in individual experiments at all humidities
22
Q
A
  • less ATP produced - less energy for growth and reprod
  • needed to make phospholipids for membranes
23
Q
A

hydrolyse murein in cell wall

24
Q
A
  • binds to receptor
  • leads to prod of TF
  • mRNA produced
25
Q
A

direct plant to plant response

  • quicker response
  • no dilution of signal protein
26
Q
A

NOT USE

  • fertilisers prevent development of mycorrhizae
  • m help defend plants
  • m help take up nitrates and phosphates (inc in crop yield)

USE

  • fertilisers inc phosphate and nitrate conc - inc GPP - inc yield
  • most soil poor in phosphate - adding phosphate replenishes it