Special Collection Procedures

Question 1

important in determining which blood product can be safely used for blood transfusion

Answer 1

Blood bank specimen

Question 2

anticoagulants used in blood bank specimen

Answer 2

lavender, pink, red

Question 3

blood donor requirements

Answer 3

17-66 yrs old
min 110 lbs
complete physical exam, medical history

Question 4

blood collected within 72 hrs from surgery sched; eliminate risks associated with blood transfusion

Answer 4

Autologous donation

Question 5

salvaged during surgical procedure; tested for residual free hemoglobin;
disadvantage: renal dysfunction

Answer 5

Blood/Cell salvaging

Question 6

test for patients who have fever of unknown origin; bacteremia

Answer 6

Blood culture

Question 7

collection of blood culture

Answer 7

2-4 blood culture bottles: 1 aerobic, 1 anaerobic withdrawn 30-60 mins apart

Question 8

crucial step in blood culture collection procedure; info about site where blood has been collected

Answer 8

Skin antisepsis

Question 9

to assess the blood clotting functions; assess hemostatic system

Answer 9

Coagulation Specimens

Question 10

patient is suffering diabetes; monitor insulin theraphy

Answer 10

2-Hour Postprandial Glucose

Question 11

Collection of 2 Hour PP

Answer 11

*Px is high carbohydrate diet (2-3 days prior to test)
*fast 10 hrs
*collection of blood
*100g glucose beverage day of test
*collection of blood after 2 hrs

Question 12

patients suffering carbohydrate metabolism problems; ability of body to metabolize glucose by measuring tolerance level to high glucose level

Answer 12

Glucose Tolerance Test/OGTT

Question 13

GTT length
gestational diabetes?
evaluations?

Answer 13

*1 hr
*3hrs

Question 14

Collection of GTT

Answer 14

*patient eat meal 150g carbohydrates/glucose 3 days prior
*fast 8-10hrs/12-16 hrs before test
*water is allowed to avoid dehydration
*glucose value: 200mg/dL !!!
*ingest glucose beverage within 5 mins
*collect test within 30 min, 1 hr, 2hr

Question 15

Glucose beverage dose

Answer 15

Adults: 75g
Children: 1g glucose/kg of weight
Gestational (pregnant) : 50-75g

Question 16

ability of body to process lactose and if patient lack mucosal lactase

Answer 16

Lactose Tolerance Test

Question 17

Lack of lactase enzyme

Answer 17

Gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea

Question 18

Collection of Lactose Tolerance Test

Answer 18

*2-Hour GTT administered prior
*same as GTT procedure but w/ lactose
*false positive results: gastric emptying, crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis

Question 19

to exclude the possibility of paternity of particular child; uses genetic fingerprinting/DNA profiling

Answer 19

Paternity/Parentage Testing

Question 20

Collection of Paternity Testing

Answer 20

PCR and RFLP
ABO and RH typing, basic red cell antigen, HLA
*specimen of choice: buccal samples

Question 21

measured drug levels at designated intervals appropriate dosage thus avoiding toxicity

Answer 21

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Question 22

performed as drawing volume of blood about 500 ml from patient as part of treatment procedure; polycythemia and hemochromatosis

Answer 22

Therapeutic Phlebotomy

Question 23

collection of blood, hair, urine, determining presence of toxins; plays role of clinical and forensic

Answer 23

Toxicology Specimens

Question 24

ordered by law-enforcement agencies for legal purposes

Answer 24

Forensic Toxicology Specimens

Question 25

a special protocol involves tracking of specimen from time of collection until time results are released

Answer 25

Chain of Custody

Question 26

DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972

Answer 26

RA 9165

Question 27

ordered for purposes related to treatment but could also for industrial and employee drug screening

Answer 27

Blood Alcohol (Ethanol) Specimens

Question 28

Antiseptic used in ETOH Test Specimen Collection Tube

Answer 28

*aqueous povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride *gray top

Question 29

pre-employment requirement; chain of custody is strictly implemented

Answer 29

Drug Screening

Question 30

checks for presence of arsenic, copper, lead, iron, zinc

Answer 30

Trace Elements/Mineral Testing

Question 31

used for patient undergoing warfarin and heparin theraphy

Answer 31

Coagulation Monitoring by POCT

Question 32

to evaluate capillaries for platelet plug formation; used for pre-surgical screening tests

Answer 32

Bleeding time

Question 33

Measures the level of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acid-base (ph) in the blood; normal range

Answer 33

Arterial Blood Gas 7.35-7.45

Question 34

measures the concentration of hydrogen ion in a specimen and check the balance of the acid base level which shows the metabolic and respiratory status of the patient

Answer 34

pH

Question 35

indicator of how well the air is exchanged between the blood and lungs; shows the measure of pressure exerted by dissolved CO2 in the blood plasma in proportion to the PO2 in the alveoli

Answer 35

PCO2

Question 36

Represents the pressure exerted by the dissolved O2 and the ability of the lungs to diffuse oxygen through the alveoli, which is usually used to measure the effectiveness of an oxygen therapy

Answer 36

PO2

Question 37

Used to evaluate the oxygenation status of the patient; Measures the percentage of the binding sites of the hemoglobin that is occupied by oxygen in the blood

Answer 37

SO2

Question 38

Increase: metabolic alkalosis Decrease: metabolic acidosis

Answer 38

HCO3

Question 39

Aid in moving nutrients in the body and remove wastes in the cells of the body

Answer 39

Electrolytes

Question 40

Helps keep the normal balance of fluids in the body; Plays a role in transmitting nerve impulses

Answer 40

Sodium

Question 41

Helps in the nerve conduction and muscle function; Regulates the acid-base balance and osmotic pressure

Answer 41

Potassium

Question 42

Maintains the integrity of the cells by helping in the balancing of osmotic pressure as well as the acid base and water balance of the body

Answer 42

Chloride

Question 43

Helps transport carbon dioxide to the lungs and regulate blood ph

Answer 43

Bicarbonate

Question 44

Compromises about 50% of the blood calcium; Helps in the muscular function, cardiac function, blood clotting, and nerve transmission function of the body

Answer 44

Ionized Calcium

Question 45

Checks for the presence of B-subunit of Hcg in the urine or serum; as early as 10 days

Answer 45

Pregnancy Testing

Question 46

Gauge the effectiveness of the thrombolytic therapy being administered to patients who have suffered from heart attacks

Answer 46

Cardiac Troponin (TnT), Troponin I (Tnl)

Question 47

Measures the ALT of patients under lipid lowering medication

Answer 47

Lipid Testing

Question 48

Differentiates COPD and CHF

Answer 48

B-Type Natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Question 49

Detects and evaluates infection, tissue injury, and other inflammation orders

Answer 49

C-Reactive Protein

Question 50

detects gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer 50

Occult Blood (Guiac)