Special Health Issues

Question 1

CAPTA

Answer 1

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
original - 1974, reauthorized - 2010

Added: Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act - 2015
and Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act - 2016 - provide safe care for infants affected by all substance abuse

Question 2

Child Maltreatment Definition

Answer 2

Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, (including sexual abuse as determined under section 111) or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.

Question 3

intentional use of physical force against a child that results in or has the potential to result in physical injury

Answer 3

Physical abuse

Question 4

any completed or attempted (non-completed) sexual act, sexual contact with or exploitation of a child by adult

Answer 4

Sexual abuse

Question 5

intentional caregiver behavior that conveys to a child that he/she is worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered or valued only in meeting another’s needs

Answer 5

Psychological abuse

Question 6

the failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, emotional, or educational needs or to protect child from harm or potential harm
Failure to provide - failure by a caregiver to meet the child’s basic physical, emotional, medical/dental or educational needs, or combination thereof
Failure to supervise - failure by the caregiver to ensure a child’s safety within and outside the home given the child’s emotional and developmental needs

Answer 6

Neglect

Question 7

The term sex trafficking, another form of child maltreatment,means the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act. The term “severe forms of trafficking in persons” means sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age

Answer 7

Sex trafficking

Question 8

Rates of abuse and neglect

Answer 8

Neglect constituted the highest number of cases (74.8%), followed by physical abuse (18.2%), sexual abuse (8.5%) and other types of maltreatment such as psychological abuse, lack of supervision, and substance abuse exposure (6.9%)

Question 9

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Answer 9

The ACEs study shifted the focus of the child maltreatment field from the effect of individual types of childhood victimization to the cumulative effect of ACEs on child and adult well-being and called for strategies to prevent the occurrence of ACEs and their adverse impacts at every level

Question 10

Trauma Informed Care (TIC)

Answer 10

crisis response strategy to help students return to school and resume learning, is an approach that schools and school nurses can promote. TIC realizes the widespread impact of trauma, recognizes the signs and symptoms of trauma, and responds appropriately

Question 11

Strengthening Families protective factors:

Answer 11

parental resilience
social connections
knowledge of parenting and child development
social and emotional competence of children
concrete support in times of need

Question 12

Signs of Dating Violence

Answer 12

Social Function: disengaged, drinking, lack of friends
Constitutional: HA, weight gain, sleep disorders
ENT: ear pain, sore throat, palatal bruising
Reproductive: mult preg. tests, pain dysuria, discharge
GI: abd pain, rectal pain, IBS, constipation
Musc: joint or extremity pain, neck and back pain
Mental: poor sleep, mood changes, substance abuse

Question 13

GT feeds - position

Answer 13

Sitting best, but if fed supine, place on R side afterwards to promote digestion

Question 14

GT feeds - check placement

Answer 14

may need to check for aspiration or check acidity - gastric pH should be <5

Question 15

Neurogenic bladder

Answer 15

bladder doesn’t empty

Question 16

Catheter use

Answer 16

Catheters can often be reused for 2-4 weeks when cleaned after use; Clean technique used

Question 17

Tracheostomy Care

Answer 17

may require suctioning, changing trach is specialized care, clean site with hydrogen peroxide and then water; suctioning at 80-100 mm of pressure

Question 18

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 18

Restricts food intake; loss of 25% of body weight; most common in adolescent females

Question 19

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 19

Binge eating, use of emetics, laxatives, diuretics and extreme exercise

Question 20

Female AthleteTriad

Answer 20

Disordered Eating
Amenorrhea
Osteoporosis

Question 21

Gender non-conforming

Answer 21

term used for people whose gender expression differs from stereotypical expression, those described as androgynous, and includes people who identify outside traditional gender categories or identify as both genders

Question 22

Transgender

Answer 22

a person whose gender identity is different from that traditionally associated with his or her biological sex, external genitalia or assigned sex at birth

Question 23

LGBTQIA

Answer 23

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (or questioning), intersex, and asexual (or allies). Not protected in every state

Question 24

Pregnant or parenting students

Answer 24

Title IX of the Education Amendment Act of 1972 intended to end sex discrimination in education and prohibits discrimination against pregnant and/or parenting students seeking an education

Question 25

Assistive Technology

Answer 25

refers to tools, equipment or products that can help a person with a disability to function successfully at school, home, work and in the community - can help person function more easily in everyday lives or make it easier for caregiver - can vary from magnifying glass, to lift device, to communication device - ADA: Any item, piece of equipment or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities.

Question 26

Bullying

Answer 26

- aggressive behavior intended to harm - behaviors repeated over time - power imbalance - often learned behavior, can be physical, verbal, cyber

Question 27

Harassment

Answer 27

Offensive activity that is intrusive and persistent enough to interfere with others work and/or learning - can be verbal or written

Question 28

Service Animals

Answer 28

- legal responsibility to allow in schools - not responsible for care of the service animal - facilitate communication and planning process - dog or miniature horse that has been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability

Question 29

Crutch measurement

Answer 29

Put on a pair of everyday shoes. Adjust the crutches so that at least 2–4 inches (5.1–10.2 cm) separate armpit and crutch pad. Adjust the crutches further to accommodate the hand grips. Make any final accommodations for comfort.

Question 30

Mobility Considerations

Answer 30

Identify complications of immobility (e.g., skin breakdown, contractures) Assess the client for mobility, gait, strength and motor skills Perform skin assessment and implement measures to maintain skin integrity and prevent skin breakdown (e.g., turning, repositioning, pressure-relieving support surfaces) Apply knowledge of nursing procedures and psychomotor skills when providing care to clients with immobility Apply, maintain or remove orthopedic devices (e.g., traction, splints, braces, casts) Apply and maintain devices used to promote venous return (e.g., anti-embolic stockings, sequential compression devices) Educate the client regarding proper methods used when repositioning an immobilized client Maintain the client's correct body alignment Maintain/correct the adjustment of client's traction device (e.g., external fixation device, halo traction, skeletal traction) Implement measures to promote circulation (e.g., active or passive range of motion, positioning and mobilization) Evaluate the client's response to interventions to prevent complications from immobility