Special Needs II Flashcards
(27 cards)
according to the Equality Act 2010, what is disability? give examples of impairments
a physical or mental impairment
- with substantial and long-term adverse effect
- on ability to carry out day to day activity
impairments
- sensory
- fluctuating or recurring
- progressive
- auto-immune
- learning disability
- mental health
- developmental
what are reasonable adjustments - equality act 2010
adjustments to prevent placing a individual at a disadvantage compared to others not disabled
5 types of disability
physical
medical
sensory
intellectual
neuro-developmental
what does dental special needs include?
any disability + emotional needs or oral developmental problems
Intellectual Disability
- definition
- what it entails
definition = IQ<70
entails reduced ability
- to understand new information
- learn new skills
- cope independently
whats the 3 top clinical guidelines for disabilities?
- recognise everyone as an individual
- everyone has a right to participate in decisions affecting their life
- provide the necessary support
Down’s Syndrome
- what disability is it associated with?
- aetiology
- epidemiology
- what other conditions is it associated with?
- characteristic features
- oral features
- intellectual disability
aetiology - trisomy 21 - extra copy chromo 21
epidemiology - 0.1%
associated conditions:
- hypotonia - decreased muscle tone
- congenital heart disease
- acute leukaemia
features:
- oval, flattened face
- flat nasal bridge
- short neck
- upward slop to eyes
- straight hair
- short dysplastic ears
oral features
- large, fissured tongue
- small maxilla
- class III malocclusion
- malformed/less number of teeth
- delayed eruption of teeth
- prone to perio
Physical Disability
- definition
- example conditions
a condition affecting a persons body
- = loss or reduction of way their body functions
examples
- cerebral palsy
- muscular dystrophy
- juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Cerebral Palsy
- what disability is it associated with?
- definition and aetiology
- other associations affecting lifestyle
- general features
- dental considerations
physical impairment, intellectual and sensory
group of disorders affecting movement, muscle tone, balance and posture
- caused by abnormality/disruption in brain development
lifestyle associations
- difficulty eating/swallowing
- epilepsy/seizure
general features
- abnormal muscle tone
- spasticity
- athetosis
dental considerations
- hard to chew/swallow
- difficulty with jaw muscles
- more saliva
- difficult to use a toothbrush
- gag reflex
- gingival overgrowth
- lip, tongue and cheek biting
Medical Impairment
- give some conditions which may lead to medical impairment
cardiac disease
respiratory disease
bleeding disorders
diabetes
organ transplants
malignancy
Childhood Cardiac Conditions
- Congenital Heart Defects
- types
- what to ask the child/parent
- what needs to be considered
types
- cyanotic heart defect
- non-cyanotic heart defect
ask
- which diagnosis
- who the cardiologist is
- upcoming surgeries
- risk of infective endocarditis?
- increased risk of ga?
what to consider
- endocarditis
- compromised stress tolerance
- anticoagulation
if a pt has a blood disorder, what needs to be considered?
anticoagulation/clotting
general anaesthetic
Sensory Impairment
- definition
- how can you consider communication
a condition in which 1+ senses are impaired
- sight loss/hearing loss/partial or complete
communication considerations
- remove mask for lip reading
- speak louder, lessen background noise
- BSL
- interpreters
- written or verbal information
Neurodevelopmental Disability
- defintion and aetiology
lifelong condition
- caused by difference in brain development
Autism
- what disability is it associated with
- defintion
- how does it affect oral health care
- neurodevelopment disability
a persistent deficit in social communication and interaction
- restricted, repetitive behaviours, interest or activities
oral care
- difficulty complying with advise and OHI
- difficulty attending and receiving tx
what is SEMH?
- aetiologies
- how may it present
social, emotional, mental health needs
can arise from abuse/neglect
can present in behaviours - anxiety or at school
oral developmental problems
- definition
- give 2 examples
conditions that arise due to problems in development of oral structures
examples
- ectodermal dysplasia
- cleft lip
Ectodermal Dysplasia
- definition
- Hydrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia and oral features
primary inherited disorders affecting 2+ structured derived from ectoderm
- skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, teeth
HH ectodermal dysplasia
- less sweat than usual
- affects sweat glands and teeth
= less teeth, sharp, conical, short
Cleft Lip and Palate
- definition
- investigations
- complications
- what to ask
failure of the medial nasal and maxillary prominences to fuse
investigations
- can be detected on the ultrasound
- can be unilateral or bilateral
complications
- feeding difficulties
- speech problems
questions
- who treated it
- the nature and severity
- what tx was done
what comes under the OHI prevention?
toothbrushing
fluoride toothpaste
- high risk - <10 - 1,350-1,500ppm fluoride, 2,800ppm 10-16 years old
diet advice
fissure sealants
what resources can be used for prevention evidence?
Toolkit - Delivering Better Oral Health
SDCEP Prevention and Management of Dental Caries in Children
how do you formulate a treatment plan for a pt with special needs
gain consent from the patient/parent
plan without the disability
- make adjustments to the plan after
why may a special needs pt be more challenging?
- lack of access
- poorer communication and understanding
- unwanted movements
- anxiety regarding the dentist
- document all of this so you are better prepared to care for the patient each visit
how may you deal with an anxious patient?
non-pharmacological technique
- behavioural management
pharmacological technique
- inhalation sedation
- GA
