Special population considerations

Question 1

Ethnopharmacology

Answer 1

study of drug responses that may be unique to an individual owing to social, cultural and biological phenomena

Question 2

Transcultural nursing

Answer 2

• traditional health practices include use of teas, herbs, spices, special foods, homeopathic remedies and ointments
• complementary health practices
• alternative health practices
• mainstream health practices

Question 3

Transcultural assessment model

Answer 3

• culturally unique individual
• communication
• space
• social organization
• time
• environmental control
• biological variations

Question 4

Communication

Answer 4

• verbal and nonverbal
• when language is not understood
• use translators whenever possible
• do not assume understanding when patient is being polite and nodding

Question 5

Space

Answer 5

-ask patient preferences
-Americans desire much personal space.
Challenges include:
-use of touch
-protection of modesty

Question 6

Social organization

Answer 6

• groups organized according to social order

- include family whenever appropriate

Question 7

Time

Answer 7

perception of time is shaped by culture

• present-oriented
• past-oriented
• future-oriented

Question 8

environmental control

Answer 8

• Otherworldly begins (spirits)
• traditional healers
• spiritual advisors

Question 9

Biological variations

Answer 9

• pharmacogenomics
• human genome project
• the genographic project

Question 10

Nursing process

Answer 10

• assessment
• planning
• nursing interventions
• patient teaching
• evaluation

Question 11

Common indications for use of medications during pregnancy

Answer 11

• nutritional supplements with iron, vitamins and minerals

- herbal preparations are not generally recommended during pregnancy

Question 12

Pregnancy category A

Answer 12

no risk to the fetus

Question 13

Pregnancy category B

Answer 13

no risk in animal studies

-well controlled studies in pregnant women not available

Question 14

Pregnancy category C

Answer 14

animal studies indicate a risk to the fetus

-risk vs benefit must be determined.

Question 15

Pregnancy categories D

Answer 15

a risk to the human fetus has been proven

• risk vs benefit must be determined
• it could be used in life threatening situations

Question 16

Pregnancy category X

Answer 16

a risk to the fetus has been proved

-risk outweighs the benefit

Question 17

Nausea and vomiting (Pregnancy)

Answer 17

the FDA has approved one drug for morning sickness

• doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride (diclegis)
• ginger can be used

Question 18

pain (pregnancy)

Answer 18

-acetaminophen (most commonly ingested nonprescription drug during pregnancy)

Question 19

Heartburn. (Pregnancy)

Answer 19

-sucralfate

Question 20

Constipation (pregnancy)

Answer 20

• Metamucil

- docusate sodium

Question 21

Pediatric population

Answer 21

• nurse must make adaptions in care
• both in administration of medications and the evaluation to children and the evaluation of the therapeutic and adverse effects of medication

Question 22

Pediatric population. Variables that affect drug dosing

Answer 22

• age
• weight
• height
• anatomical and physiological characteristics (organ maturity)
• health status

Question 23

Pharmacokinetics (pediatric)

Answer 23

• absorption
• distribution
• metabolism
• excretion

Question 24

Pharmacodynamics (pediatric)

Answer 24

• onset
• peak
• duration

Question 25

Pediatric medication dosing and monitoring

Answer 25

- monitoring for therapeutic effects and adverse reActions | - calculations

Question 26

Pediatric medication administration

Answer 26

- patient identification | - consider developmental and cognitive differences

Question 27

Pediatric medication administration

Answer 27

- family-centered care - maintaining safety with minimal restraint - atraumatic care - distraction and other nonpharmacologic methods of pain and anxiety control

Question 28

Geriatric population

Answer 28

physiological changes associated with aging effect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phases of drug action

Question 29

Variables that impact geriatric drug dosage

Answer 29

- weight - body composition - lab values - health status: hepatic, renal and cardiac - in general drug doses need to be decreased

Question 30

Drug teaching for older population

Answer 30

- reason for medication therapy - therapeutic effects, side effects and adverse reactions - self administration - diet - when to notify health care provider. Or pharmacist - scheduling of meds

Question 31

Med teaching checklist for older adults

Answer 31

- take as prescribed - med schedule/log, maintain list - storage of meds - keep out of reach of children - polypharmacy