Special Populations

Question 1

How much endurance exercises can seniors perform?

Answer 1

low-impact should be performed 20-40min at least 3x/week

Question 2

Strength training for seniors:

Answer 2

• Can use free weights, weight machines, or bodyweight
• In the beginning, weights that can effortlessly be lifted 5 times should be used
• When that becomes easy, lift same weights 5x for 2 sets
• Routine can be increased periodically until client do 15 continuous reps
• When client can do 15reps 5x, increase weight
  -This type of strength training can be performed for 30-40 min, 2-3x a week

Question 3

Balance Exercises

Answer 3

Helps prevent injuries that typically caused from falling

Trainer should focus on increasing core muscle strength

Question 4

Sarcopenia:

Answer 4

, a loss of muscle mass and strength and a decline of muscle tissue, also occurs in people as they age

Muscle mass decreases approximately 4% each decade from ages 25-50

Question 5

How many boys and girls are exercising?

Answer 5

6 out of 10 girls and 4 out of 10 boys are not engaging in physical activity for a minimum of 1 hour/day

Question 6

Arthritis

Answer 6

Affects about 15% of general population
-Most prevalent chronic condition in US
- 2 major groups:
- Osteoarthritis: due to degeneration
- Rheumatoid: autoimmune joint disease; immune system attacks the tissues of the joints or organs

Question 7

Corticosteroids :

Answer 7

can lead to osteoporosis

Also known to increase body mass, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 8

Types of exercises for arthritis:

Answer 8

• Range of motion exercises (stretching/dance)- relieve stiffness
• Strengthening- helps protect and support joints
• Endurance (swimming/cycling)- improve overall body function

Question 9

Diabetes mellitus—

Answer 9

person has high glucose in their blood. Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, converts glucose into energy in the cells
Type 1—a person’s pancreas malfunctions and starts to lose the ability to secrete insulin, which makes glucose accumulate in the blood; can inject insulin into their blood
Type 2—have normal insulin levels, yet their cells stop responding to insulin; being active and maintaining health can decrease risk for this type

Question 10

neuropathy—

Answer 10

occurs when diabetes has damaged nerves in the extremities and it renders the client unable to feel pain

a symptom of diabetes

Question 11

hypoglycemia

Answer 11

condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than the standard range.

Question 12

How can exercise help with diabetes?

Answer 12

• By burning more calories, which utilizes glucose
• Exercise increases the cell’s ability utilize glucose as well as increase function of insulin
• Reduces blood pressure
• Lowers bad cholesterol (LDL)
• Lowers triglycerides

Question 13

Systolic blood pressure:

Answer 13

(the first number) – indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls when the heart beats.

Question 14

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 14

(the second number) – indicates how much pressure your blood is exerting against your artery walls while the heart is resting between beats.

Question 15

Hypertension—

Answer 15

consistently high blood pressure of at least 140 (systolic) over 90 (diastolic)

Question 16

When can exercise-induced asthma (EIA) occur during exercise?

Answer 16

During first 6-12min of exercise and during last 5-10min of exercise

Question 17

Which part of the body is typically affected when an individual suffers from osteoarthritis?

Answer 17

Knees, Hips, Spine

Question 18

e Romberg test

Answer 18

in which a client stands with the feet together and eyes closed

Question 19

functional reach test

Answer 19

a client rests one fist on a wall while leaning as far forward
Patients can balance on one foot on a wobble board to
as possible. The client then moves the fist along
the wall as far as possible without taking a step
or off-balancing, and the distance that the fist
moved is measured. A movement of less than six
inches means that there is a lack of balance and
thus a higher risk of falling.