Special Senses

Question 1

What are the 4 special senses?

Answer 1

1.) smell ( olfaction)
2.) taste (gustation)
3.) vision
4.) hearing and equilibrium

Question 2

What are the primitive senses designed to inform us of external stimuli?

Answer 2

Smell and taste

Question 3

What sense provides the most direct link to the environment?

Answer 3

Smell

Question 4

List the pathway for smell

Answer 4

Paired olfactory nerves———>olfactory bulbs in brain——->olfactory tracts
——-> olfactory area of cerebrum in the temporal lobe

Question 5

What are the 5 distinct taste sensations and what they mean?

Answer 5

1.) sweet= high energy
2.) salty= need to replace electrolytes
3.) bitter= poison or spoiled food
4.) sour= unripe
5.) umami= meaty or savory

Question 6

What are the receptors for taste called? where are they located?

Answer 6

Gustatory receptor cells.
They are located in the taste buds.

Question 7

Where are taste buds found?

Answer 7

Soft palate
Pharynx
Papillae

Question 8

More than half of the sensory receptors in the body are located ____?

Answer 8

In the eye

Question 9

What are important structures of the eye and what is their purpose?

Answer 9

1.) eyelids- shade the eye during sleep, protect from excessive light, spread lubrication
2.) eyebrows& lashes: protect from sweat and foreign objects
3.) lacrimal apparatus: produces and drains lacrimal fluid

Question 10

This is a Delicate membrane covering the sclera and inside the eyelid, can swell with allergies

Answer 10

Conjunctiva

Question 11

This structure is a fluid filled chamber located between the cornea and lens that nourishes the lens

Answer 11

Aqueous chamber

Question 12

This structure regulated the diameter of the pupil

Answer 12

Iris

Question 13

This is a touch connective tissue that layers the eyeball

Answer 13

Sclera

Question 14

These receptors are responsible for black and white vision in dim light and detects shape and movement

Answer 14

Rods

Question 15

These receptors are responsible for interpreting colour

Answer 15

Cones

Question 16

This structure is in the centre of the retina and the greatest visual activity happens here.

Answer 16

Macula lutea

Question 17

______ is the minimum distance you can focus on an object. It increases as you age and is called______.

Answer 17

Near point accommodation ( usually 10 cm as a child)
Presbyopia

Question 18

The increased curvature of lens for near vision is called______?

Answer 18

Accommodation

Question 19

This is another word for nearsited

Answer 19

Myopic

Question 20

This is another word for far sighted

Answer 20

Hyperopic

Question 21

What is the visual pathway?

Answer 21

Retina—-> optic nerve—->optic chiasm—->optic tracts—->occipital lobe
(Image is upside down and reverses and the cerebral cortex sorts it out)

Question 22

What are the 3 parts to the ear?

Answer 22

1.) external ear
2.) middle ear
3.) inner ear

Question 23

What makes up the external ear?

Answer 23

1.) auricle ( pinna)
2.) external auditory canal (meatus)
3.) eardrum (tympanic membrane)

Question 24

What makes up the middle ear?

Answer 24

1.) auditory ossicles ( malleus incus stapes)
2.) oval window ( separates middle ear from inner ear)
3.) auditory or eustation tube (joins middle ear to pharynx)

Question 25

What makes up the inner ear?

Answer 25

Contains the bony labyrinth which consists of: 1.) vestibule ( composed of utricle and saccule) 2.) semicircular canals 3.) cochlea ( for hearing)

Question 26

List the pathway for hearing?

Answer 26

External ear canal ( pinna)—-> ear drum—->middle ear bones ( malleus incus stapes) ——> stapes flexes the oval window in the fluid filled cochlea ——>waves of pressure flow through fluid ( outer peri lymph and inner endolymph) ——> the wave vibrates the organ or corgi with its hair cells ——> hair movemtn transforms into electrical signals which travel to —-> vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain

Question 27

What receptor structures are involves in equilibrium?

Answer 27

1.) saccule 2.) utricle 3.) semicircular canals with ducts

Question 28

What are the 2 types of equilibrium?

Answer 28

1.) static 2.) dynamic

Question 29

What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 29

Static: maintenance of the position of body/head relative to force of gravity Dynamic: maintenance of of position of body/head in response to sudden mvmt