special senses Flashcards
(13 cards)
otitis media
Otitis media is inflammation or infection of the middle ear, that is associated with a collection of fluid (effusion).
Non-specific symptoms may include:
Fever (pyrexia), vomiting, irritability, often tugging at ear, and poor feeding
bacetrial pathogen
One of the common bacterial pathogens responsible for otitis media is Streptococcus pneumoniae. (gram +, cocci, in pairs dipolocci in chain
hair cells
The hair cells are mechanoreceptors with stereocilia that are stimulated by movement of the basilar membrane relative to the tectorial membrane.
The stereocilia bend which results in opening of ion channels in the plasma membrane of the hair cell, depolarising the membrane and creating a receptor potential.
Hair cells release an excitatory neurotransmitter when depolarised, which leads to excitation of cochlear afferent neurons, which make up the nerve fibres of the cochlear nerve.
paracetomala
inhibuts COX enzyme
amoxicillim
inhibits cell wall synthesis in the bacteria, resulting in death of bacteria
suppuration
process of producing pus
tear production
- in lacrimal gland
lubricates movement, removes debris– washed across the eye from lateral to medial and then drains into nose
bones of orbit
- frontal
- sphenoid
zygomatic - palatine
ethmoid
lacrimal
maximal
sinuses
- orbital, ansal and oral cavities
reduce weight of skull, especially anteriorly
allows circulation of mucous
contributes to resonance of sounds
eye movement and cranial nerves
looking up+ looking up to left and right= oculomotor nerve
primary position- looking to the right= right eye (abducent nerve), left eye (oculomotor nerve)
looking to the left + primary position= right eye- oculomotor nerve, left eye- abducent nerve
looking down- to the right: right eye- trochlear nerve, left eye- oculomotor nerve
looking down (depression)- both trochlear and oculomotor nerve
looking down to the left- right eye-oculomotor nerve, left eye- trochlear nerve
ear ossicles
- transmit vibrations through middle ear
- three bones: malleus, incus, stapes
middle ear
tympanic cavity
- lateral wall: tympanic membrane (ear drum)
- medial wall: vestibular window (oval window), opening into the vestibules of inner ear, closed by base of stapes
- cochlear window ( round window)
- opening into the cochlear portion of inner ear
inner ear
cochlea
- sound amplification
-conversion from vibration to electrical signal
signal transmitted via cochlear part of vestibulocochlear
semicircular canals
- balance
- vestibulocochlear
