Special senses

Question 1

What 3 sets of air sinuses are in close proximity to the orbit of the eye?

Answer 1

frontal, ethmoid and maxillary

Question 2

What are the main contents of the orbit?

Answer 2

eyeball, extrinsic ocular muscles, ligaments supporting the eye, optic nerve, branches of opthalmic artery, the lacrimal apparatus and fat

Question 3

What are the components of the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

Answer 3

sclera and cornea

Question 4

Is the fibrous layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

Answer 4

complete

Question 5

What are the components of the middle vascular layer of the eye?

Answer 5

iris, ciliary body and choroid

Question 6

Is the vascular layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

Answer 6

it is incomplete anteriorly (aperture is the pupil)

Question 7

What is the structure composing of the inner sensory layer of the eye?

Answer 7

the retina

Question 8

Is the sensory layer of the eye complete or incomplete?

Answer 8

incomplete, only present posteriorly

Question 9

Apart from the 3 layers, what else does the eye contain?

Answer 9

the lens, aqueous humour and vitreous humour

Question 10

Where in the lens is the aqueous humour?

Answer 10

the anterior segment

Question 11

Where in the lens is the vitreous humour?

Answer 11

the posterior segment

Question 12

What part of the eye secretes aqueous humour?

Answer 12

ciliary epithelium (in the ciliary body)

Question 13

What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 13

Ciliaris, iris sphincter and iris dilator

Question 14

What action does the ciliaris muscle perform?

Answer 14

accomodation

Question 15

What action does the iris sphincter perform?

Answer 15

pupillary constriction

Question 16

What action does the iris dilator perform?

Answer 16

pupillary dilation

Question 17

What type of innervation do the intrinsic muscles of the eye recieve?

Answer 17

ciliaris and iris sphincter - parasympathetic

iris dilator - sympathetic

Question 18

What type of muscles perform eye movements? How many are there?

Answer 18

extrinsic muscles- there are 6

Question 19

What are the 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 19

superior and inferior obliques

superior, inferior, lateral and medial recti

Question 20

What is the only muscle that doesn’t arise from the posterior aspect of the orbit?

Answer 20

inferior oblique

Question 21

What branch of the internal carotid artery supplies the orbit and the eye?

Answer 21

opthalmic artery

Question 22

What fissure do the opthalmic veins pass through to enter the cranial cavity?

Answer 22

superior orbital fissure

Question 23

What 4 cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 23

opthalmic (V1), oculomotor , abducens and trochlear

Question 24

What cranial nerve passes through the optic foramen?

Answer 24

optic

Question 25

What impulses does the optic nerve carry?

Answer 25

visual

Question 26

What muscles does the oculomotor nerve supply?

Answer 26

the medial, inferior, and superior recti, the inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae

Question 27

What muscle does the abducens nerve supply?

Answer 27

lateral rectus

Question 28

What muscle does the trochlear nerve supply?

Answer 28

superior oblique

Question 29

How is aqueous humour drained?

Answer 29

drained by draining apparatus in the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 30

What type of joints are found between the ear ossicles?

Answer 30

synovial

Question 31

What are the three bones termed the 'ossicles' of the ear?

Answer 31

malleus, incus and stapes

Question 32

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

Answer 32

malleus

Question 33

Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?

Answer 33

stapes

Question 34

What are the 2 muscles related to the ossicles?

Answer 34

tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 35

What is the action of the tensor tympani?

Answer 35

pulls handle of malleus medially, tensing tympanic membrane and reducing amplitude of vibrations

Question 36

What is the action of the stapedius?

Answer 36

pulls the stapes posteriorly and tilts its base in the oval widow, reducing oscillatory range

Question 37

Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?

Answer 37

petrous part

Question 38

Name 2 areas with which the caivty of the middle ear communicates

Answer 38

pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid antrum

Question 39

What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?

Answer 39

perilymph

Question 40

What chambers lie within the bony labyrinth?

Answer 40

membranous chambers

Question 41

What is the fluid that lies within the mebranous labyrinth?

Answer 41

endolymph

Question 42

What is the function of the cochlea?

Answer 42

transforms sound into neural messages

Question 43

What is the function of the semicircular canals?

Answer 43

it is a motion sensor, movements of the cilia are communicated to the brain

Question 44

Through which foramen does the facial (VII) nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 44

internal acoustic meatus

Question 45

What other cranial nerve exits through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 45

vestibulocochlear (VIII)