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Human Body and Movement > Special Senses > Flashcards

Flashcards in Special Senses Deck (31)
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1
Q

How are the special senses different from the somatic senses?

A

They relate to the PNS

2
Q

What are the 5 special senses?

A

Vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell

3
Q

Which part of the eye is responsible for allowing light to enter?

A

Cornea

4
Q

Which part of the eye refracts light to focus it on the retina?

A

Lens

5
Q

Which part of the eye is coloured and controls the diameter of the pupil?

A

Iris

6
Q

Which part of the eye holds the lens in place?

A

Ciliary body

7
Q

Which part of the eye has photoreceptors?

A

Retina

8
Q

What is the spot on the retina called?

A

Fovea

9
Q

What is the fluid in front of the lens?

A

Aqueous humour

10
Q

What os the fluid behind the lens?

A

Vitreous humour

11
Q

What is the area where axons leave the eye?

A

The optic disc

12
Q

What is the structure containing all the axons that transmit information to the brain?

A

The optic nerve

13
Q

What stimulates the photoreceptors “cones” in the eye?

A

Bright light and they provide colour vision

14
Q

Why do blue and green colours appear brighter at dusk or night?

A

Rods are sensitive to light and more sensitive to blues and greens which is why they appear brighter at night

15
Q

What is the optic chiasm?

A

Where the neurons of the eye cross over

16
Q

Where do the neurons go after they pass the optic chiasm?

A

Primary visual cortex

17
Q

If an image is processed in the right occipital lobe, which visual field is it receiving information from?

A

Left

18
Q

What are the parts of the outer ear?

A

Auricle (pinna) and external auditory canal

19
Q

What are the parts of the middle ear?

A

Eardrum, 3 bones which form the ossicle chain and the eustachian tube

20
Q

What are the parts of the inner ear?

A

Cochlea and vestibular apparatus

21
Q

What structure connects the middle ear to the upper part of the throat?

A

Nasopharynx

22
Q

What causes low-pitch sound?

A

Low frequencies

23
Q

What do sound waves stimulate in order to cause action potentials in the cochlea?

A

Vibrations

24
Q

What structure is responsible for equilibrium in the ear?

A

Vestibular apparatus

25
Q

What structures detect changes in angular acceleration of the head?

A

Semicircular canals

26
Q

What do the otoliths organs do?

A

Detect changes in liner acceleration of the head

27
Q

What are the 5 basic taste sensations that taste buds respond to?

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

28
Q

What is the name of the receptors that detect dissolved chemicals in food or drink?

A

Gustatory receptors (in taste buds)

29
Q

Taste is integrated with what other body functions?

A

Smell increasing saliva production, initiating vomiting reflex in response to bad tasting substances

30
Q

Where are the smell receptors located?

A

Olfactory epithelium located on roof of nasal cavity

31
Q

True/False: Humans have many different olfactory receptors

A

True: about 450 different types