Special Senses

Question 1

_____ are modified sebaceous glands that produce an oily secretion to lubricate the eye.

Answer 1

Meibomian glands

Question 2

_____ are modified sweat glands between the eyelashes.

Answer 2

ciliary glands

Question 3

?

• Membrane that lines the eyelids
• Connects to the surface of the eye
• Secretes mucus to lubricate the eye

Answer 3

conjunctiva

Question 4

_____ - produces lacrimal fluid

_____ - drains lacrimal fluid from eyes

Answer 4

lacrimal gland

lacrimal canals

Question 5

_____ - provides passage of lacrimal fluid towards nasal cavity

Answer 5

lacrimal sac

Question 6

_____ - empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

Answer 6

nasolacrimal duct

Question 7

_____ - empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

Answer 7

nasolacrimal duct

Question 8

_____ Layer

• Blood-rich nutritive tunic
• Pigment prevents light from scattering
• Modified interiorly into 2 structures
• _____ - smooth muscle
• _____
• pigmented layer that gives eye color
• pupil - round opening of

Answer 8

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

Question 9

Sensory Tunic (_____)
Contains receptor cells (photoreceptors)
- _____ and _____

Signals pass from photoreceptors via a 2-neuron chain
* bipolar neurons and ganglion cells

Signals leave the retina toward the brain through the optic nerve

Answer 9

Retina

rods and cones

Question 10

Sensory Tunic (_____)
Contains receptor cells (photoreceptors)
- _____ and _____

Signals pass from photoreceptors via a 2-neuron chain
* bipolar neurons and ganglion cells

Signals leave the retina toward the brain through the optic nerve

Answer 10

Retina

rods and cones

Question 11

Structure of the Eye
Fibrous tunic - _____ layer

_____ - middle layer

_____ - inside layer

Answer 11

outside

choroid

sensory tunic

Question 12

The Fibrous Tunic
_____
- the white, connective tissue layer
- seen anteriorly as the “white of the eye”

Answer 12

sclera

Question 13

_____

• transparent, central anterior portion
• allows for light to pass through
• repairs itself easily
• the only human tissue that can be transplanted without fear of rejection

Answer 13

cornea

Question 14

Neurons of the Retina and Vision
_____
- most are found towards the edges of the retina
- allow dim light vision and peripheral vision
- perception is all in gray tones

Answer 14

rods

Question 15

_____

• allow for detailed color vision
• densest in the center of the retina
• _____ - the area of the retina with only cones

No photoreceptor cells are at the optic disc, or blind spot

Answer 15

cones

fovea centralis

Question 16

_____

• allow for detailed color vision
• densest in the center of the retina
• _____ - the area of the retina with only cones

No photoreceptor cells are at the optic disc, or blind spot

Answer 16

cones

fovea centralis

Question 17

_____

• biconvex, crystal-like structure
• held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the ciliary body

Answer 17

lens

Question 18

Internal Eye Chamber Fluids
_____
- watery fluid found in chamber between the lens and cornea
- similar to blood plasma
- helps maintain intraocular pressure
- provides nutrients for the lens and cornea
- reabsorbed into venous blood through the canal of Schlemm

Answer 18

aqueous humor

Question 19

_____

• gel-like substance behind the lens
• keeps the eye from collapsing
• lasts a lifetime and is not replaced

Answer 19

vitreous humor

Question 20

The _____ Ear

- Involved in hearing only

Answer 20

external

Question 21

Bones of the Tympanic Cavity
3 bones span the cavity
- \_\_\_\_\_ (hammer)
- \_\_\_\_\_ (anvil)
- \_\_\_\_\_ (stirrup)

Answer 21

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 22

Inner Ear or Bony Labyrinth

• Includes sense organs for hearing and balance
• Filled with _____

Answer 22

perilymph

Question 23

Static Equilibrium
_____ - receptors in the vestibule
* report on the position of the head
* send information via the vestibular nerve

Answer 23

Maculae

Question 24

Dynamic Equilibrium
_____ - receptors in the semicircular canals
* tuft of hair cells
* cupula (gelatinous cap) covers the hair cells

Answer 24

crista ampullaris

Question 25

Chemical Senses - Taste and Smell - Both senses use chemoreceptors * Stimulated by chemicals in solution * Taste has 4 types of receptors * Smell can differentiate a large range of chemicals - Both senses complement each other and respond to many of the same stimuli

Answer 25

- Olfactory receptors are in the roof of the nasal cavity * neurons with long cilia * chemicals must be dissolved in mucus for detection - Impulses are transmitted via the olfactory nerve - Interpretation of smells is made in the cortex