Special Senses II

Question 1

What are the three layers of the eye

Answer 1

Sclera, choroid, retina

Question 2

What is the sclera

Answer 2

White part of eye

Question 3

What is the transparent part of the eye

Answer 3

The cornea

Question 4

What is the colored part of the eye

Answer 4

The iris

Question 5

What does the iris control

Answer 5

The amount of light passing through into the eye (size of pupil)

Question 6

What is the choroid

Answer 6

The vascular middle layer of the eye

Question 7

What is accommodation

Answer 7

The process of the lens changing shape to view objects at different distances

Question 8

What is the purpose of the ciliary body

Answer 8

The ciliary body pulls on the lens to change its shape

Question 9

What is refraction

Answer 9

The bedding of light to focus it on a point in the retina

Question 10

How are the cornea and lens involved in refraction?

Answer 10

The cornea and lens are important for focusing (bending) the light onto the retina

Question 11

What happens when the eyeball is too short

Answer 11

You are farsighted (hyperopia)

Question 12

How do you correct farsightedness

Answer 12

Convex lenses

Question 13

What happens if the eye is too long

Answer 13

You are nearsighted (myopia)

Question 14

How do you correct nearsightedness

Answer 14

concave lenses

Question 15

What is presbyopia

Answer 15

Age related far sightedness

Question 16

What is astigmatism

Answer 16

Defect in cornea that causes the bending of light to be distorted

Question 17

Where do cataracts occur

Answer 17

Lens

Question 18

Why do cataracts occur

Answer 18

Proteins cluster together in the lens

Question 19

Which structure is light sensitive and contains photoreceptor cells

Answer 19

The retina

Question 20

What is considered the ‘physiological blind spot’ of the eye?

Answer 20

The optic disk, where the optic nerve attaches to the retina. There are no photoreceptor cells here

Question 21

What is the fovea?

Answer 21

The focal point where the light hits on the retina (has the most photoreceptor cells)

Question 22

What is the macula in the eye

Answer 22

Part of the fovea

Question 23

What is the difference between rod and cone photoreceptors?

Answer 23

Rods=monochromatic
Cones=Color vision

Question 24

What are the cavities and fluids that are contained in the eye called?

Answer 24

Vitreous Humor- fills space behind the lens, provides intraocular pressure to hold the retina and lens in place.
Aqueous Humor-Fills the space behind the cornea and in front of the lens

Question 25

What is glaucoma

Answer 25

Elevated intraocular pressure

Question 26

What is age related macular degeneration

Answer 26

A severe and irreversible loss of central vision due to the destruction of the macula (it’s like having a black spot in the center of your vision). There is no effective treatment.

Question 27

What is diabetic retinopathy

Answer 27

damage to blood vessels bleeding into the retina

Question 28

What does the visual field look like for someone that has cataracts?

Answer 28

Dimmed vision and blurry

Question 29

What does the visual field look like for someone that has glaucoma

Answer 29

Everything blacked out except for small hole of vision

Question 30

What does the visual field look like for someone with macular degeneration?

Answer 30

Distorted image

Question 31

What does the visual field look like for someone with diabetic retinopathy

Answer 31

black spots in vision

Question 32

What are three accessory structures of the eye?

Answer 32

1.Eyelid
2.Lacrimal apparatus (lacrimal gland, canaluculi and lacrimal duct)
3.Muscles

Question 33

What does the eyelid do?

Answer 33

Protects and moistens eye

Question 34

What does the lacrimal apparatus do?

Answer 34

Produces, distributes, and removes tears

Question 35

What do the muscles of the eye do?

Answer 35

They move the eye in every direction