Special Senses: Vision Flashcards
(135 cards)
0
Q
How many percent of the sensory receptors are found in the eyes?
A
70%
1
Q
What are the special senses?
A
Smell Taste Sight Hearing Equilibrium
2
Q
What protects the eye?
A
Bony orbit Cushion of fat
3
Q
In what week does the optic vesicle forms the optic cup?
A
Early 4th week
4
Q
In the early fourth week, the optic vesicle divides to form a two-layered _______
A
Optic cup
5
Q
In the early fourth week, the overlying ectoderm forms a _______?
A
Lens pit
6
Q
In what week does the overlying ectoderm forms the lens pit?
A
Early fourth week
7
Q
In what week does the optic cup deepens and forms inner and outer layers?
A
Late 4th week
8
Q
In the Late fourth week, the lens pit forms _______?
A
Lens vesicle
9
Q
In what week does the lens pit forms the lens vesicle?
A
Late 4th week
10
Q
In what week does the lens becomes an internal structure?
A
6th week
11
Q
In what week does the corneas, sclera and choroid starts to form?
A
6th week
12
Q
What starts to form in week 6?
A
Cornea Sclera Choroid
13
Q
In what week does the three tunics of the eye is formed?
A
Week 20
14
Q
What forms in week 20?
A
Three tunics of the eye
15
Q
Layer of the eyeball that includes the sclera and cornea
A
Fibrous tunic - Corneoscleral coat
16
Q
A vascular layer that includes choroid, ciliary body and iris
A
Uvea
17
Q
Third layer of the eyeball that includes an outer pigment epithelium and an inner neural layer
A
Retina
18
Q
What are the three layers of the eyeball?
A
Fibrous tunic Vascular tunic Retina
19
Q
Consists of dense, irregular connective tissue, making it opaque
A
Sclera
20
Q
Covers the anterior 1/6th of the eye and is continuous with the fibrous sclera posteriorly
A
Cornea
21
Q
How many layers does the cornea have?
A
5
22
Q
What are the 5 layers of the cornea?
A
- Stratified squamous non keratinizng corneal epithelium 2. Bowman’s membrane 3. Corneal stroma (substantia propria) 4. Descemet’s membrane 5. Simple squamous, corneal endothelium
23
Q
The corneal endothelium is lined by what epithelium?
A
Simple squamous
24
What type of collagen fibers makes up the stroma of the cornea?
Type 1 collagen
25
What are the cells that makes up the stroma of the cornea?
Keratocytes
26
True or False: The stroma of the cornea is vascular.
False. The stroma is avascular.
27
Where transparent corneal stroma merges with opaque, vascular sclera
Limbus or corneoscleral junction (CSJ)
28
Contains scleral venous sinus or canal of Schlemm, which receives aqueous humor from anterior chamber
Stroma of limbus
29
Also known as the canal of Schlemm
Scleral venous sinus
30
Also known as the Scleral venous sinus
Canal of Schlemm
31
Helps to reduce glare within the eye
Melanin pigment
32
Consists mainly of choroid and has a dark brown color that has many venous plexuses and capillaries
Uvea
33
Extends inwards to form a ring-like thickening
Ciliary body
34
Ligament that arises from ciliary process
Suspensory ligament of the lens or the Zonular ligament
35
The __________ continuous posteriorly until it merges with the retina at ora serrata
Ciliary body
36
The ciliary body continuous posteriorly until it merges with the ___________ at ora serrata
Retina
37
The ciliary body continuous posteriorly until it merges with the retina at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Ora serrata
38
Cells that are prominent in suprachoroidal lamina
Melanocytes
39
Melanocytes are prominent in what lamina?
Suprachoroidal lamina
40
Choroid's inner region, _______________ lamina, has a rich microvasculature
Choroidocapillary lamina
41
A thin layer located between the choroid and retina
Bruch's layer
42
What is the outer layer of the retina?
Pigmented layer
43
Extends over the anterior surface of the lens from the anterior border of the ciliary body
Iris
44
How many layers does the iris have?
5 layers
45
What are the 5 layers of the iris?
1. Discontinuous layer of fibroblast and melanocytes 2. Avascular anterior stromal sheet (lamella) 3. Vascular layer of LCT forming the bulk of the iris 4. Posterior membrane, containing the circular sphincter pupillae and radial dilator pupillae muscles 5. Double layer of pigmented epithelium
46
What layer of the iris is composed of a discontinuous layer of fibroblasts and melanocytes?
First
47
What layer of the iris is composed of an avascular anterior stromal sheet?
Second
48
What layer of the iris is composed of a vascular layer of LCT which forms the bulk of the iris?
Third
49
What layer of the iris is composed of forms the bulk of the iris?
Third
50
What layer of the iris is composed of the posterior membrane?
Fourth
51
What layer of the iris is composed of 2 muscles?
Fourth
52
What layer of the iris is composed of the circular sphincter pupillae and radial dilator pupillae muscles?
Fourth
53
What layer of the iris is composed of a double layer of pigmented epithelium?
Fifth
54
The first layer of the iris is composed of a discontinuous layer of?
Fibroblasts and melanocytes
55
True or False The second layer of the iris is vascular.
False. Avascular
56
Which layer of the iris is avascular?
Second
57
Which layer of the iris is vascular?
Third
58
What muscles can you find in the fourth layer of the iris?
Circular sphincter pupillae Radial dilator pupillae
59
The fifth layer of the iris is composed of?
A double layer of pigmented epithelium
60
The first layer of the cornea is composed of what?
Stratified squamous non keratinizing corneal epithelium
61
What layer of the cornea can you see the bowman's membrane?
Second
62
The corneal stroma is found in what layer of the cornea?
Third
63
What layer of the cornea can you see a Descemet's membrane?
Fourth
64
What is the epithelium of the 5th layer of the cornea?
Simple squamous, corneal endothelium
65
What layer of the cornea is made up of a stratified squamous epithelium?
First
66
What layer of the cornea is made up of a simple squamous epithelium?
Fifth
67
Has no epithelium and consists inly of a matted layer of interdigitating fibroblasts and melanocytes A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber
A. Anterior chamber
68
The stroma of the iris contains what cells?
Melanocytes
69
Consists of two layers of cuboidal cells A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber
B. Posterior chamber
70
These granules are rich in the external pigmented epithelium
Melanin granules
71
Inner layer of the retina A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium
A. Neural retina
72
Outer layer of the retina A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium
B. Retinal pigment epithelium
73
Contains photoreceptor cells with a 10 layered structure A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium
A. Neural retina
74
Sits in the choroid and consists of cuboidal melanin-containing cells A. Neural retina B. Retinal pigment epithelium
B. Retinal pigmented epithelium
75
Contains photoreceptor cells with a 10 layered structure A. Inner retinal layer B. Outer retinal layer
A. Inner retinal layer
76
Sits in the choroid and consists of cuboidal melanin-containing cells A. Inner retinal layer B. Outer retinal layer
B. Outer retinal layer
77
The inner neural retina is composed of what cells?
Photoreceptor cells
78
The outer retinal pigmented epithelium is composed of what cells?
Cuboidal melanin-containing cells
79
What are the two photoreceptor cells?
Rods and cones
80
What are the different cells of the retina?
Ganglion cells Bipolar cells Photoreceptor cells Pigmented retinal epithelium cells
81
What are the 10 layers of the retina?
Inner limiting membrane Optic nerve fibers Ganglion cell Inner plexiform Inner nuclear Outer plexiform Outer nuclear Outer limiting membrane Rods and cones Retinal pigment epithelium
82
What layer of the retina is composed of the basal lamina of Muller's cells?
First: inner limiting membrane
83
The inner limiting membrane is composed of the basal lamina of what cells?
Muller's cells
84
What layer of the retina is composed of ganglion cells traveling to the brain?
Second: layer of optic nerve fibers
85
Layer of the retina that is composed of the CELL BODIES of the ganglion cells
Third: ganglion cell layer
86
2nd synaptic layer found between the horizontal, amacrine and bipolar cells and ganglion cells
4th retinal layer: inner plexiform
87
Composed of the CELL BODIES of the horizontal, amacrine and bipolar cells and ganglion cells
Fifth retinal layer: inner nuclear
88
FIRST synaptic layer found between the photoreceptors and horizontal, amacrine and bipolar cells and ganglion cells
6th retinal layer: outer plexiform
89
Composed of the CELL BODIES of rods and cones
7th retinal layer: outer nuclear
90
Apical boundary of Muller's cells
8th retinal layer: outer limiting membrane
91
Layer of the retina where you can find the inner and outer segments of photoreceptor cells
9th: layers of rods and cones
92
Layer of the retina where you can find melakin containing cells
10th: retinal pigment epithelium
93
What is more numerous, rods or cones?
Rods are 20 times as numerous as the cones.
94
A modified region of the retina that contains only cones and is adapted for high visual acuity
Fovea
95
For peripheral vision and during dim light vision
A. Rods
B. Cones
A. Rods
96
For central vision, during bright light vision and in color discrimination
A. Rods
B. Cones
B. Cones
97
For Dim Light vision
A. Rods
B. Cones
A. Rods
98
For bright light vision
A. Rods
B. Cones
B. Cones
99
For color discrimination
A. Rods
B. Cones
B. Cones
100
What are the visual pigments containe in the outer segments of rods and cones?
Rhodopsin
Iodopsin (Cone Opsin)
101
How many chambers does the eye have?
102
What are the chambers of the eye?
Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous space
103
Chamber of the eye: found between the cornea and the iris
104
Chamber of the eye: found between the posterior surface of the iris and the anterior surface of the lens
Posterior chamber
105
Chamber of the eye: found between the posterior surface of the lens and the neural retina
106
What are the two internal eye chamber fluids?
Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor
107
Watery fluid found in chamber between the lens and cornea that is similar to blood plasma
A. Aqueous humor
B. Vitreous humor
A. Aqueous humor
108
Helps maintain intraocular pressure and provides nutrients for the lens and cornea
A. Aqueous humor
B. Vitreous humor
A. Aqueous humor
109
Reabsorbed into venous blood through the canal of Schlemm
A. Aqueous humor
B. Vitreous humor
A. Aqueous humor
110
A gel-like substance behind the lens that keeps the eye from collapsing
A. Aqueous humor
B. Vitreous humor
B. Vitreous humor
111
Lasts a lifetime and is not replaced
A. Aqueous humor
B. Vitreous humor
B. Vitreous humor
112
Transparent, avascular, biconves structure, suspended by suspensory ligaments of the lens
Lens of the eye
113
What suspends the lens of the eye?
Suspensory ligament of the eyes
114
3 components of the lens of the eye
Lens capsule
A subscapular epithelium
Lens fibres
115
Component of the lens of the eyes that is produced by anterior lens cells
Lens capsule
116
Component of the lens of the eyes that is composed of a cuboidal/columnar layer of cells that is only present on the anterior surface of the lens
Subscapular epithelium
117
Component of the lens of the eye that is derived from the subscapular epithelial cells
Lens fibers
118
A thick homogenous external lamina formed by the epithelial cells and fibers
Lens Capsule
119
The anterior surface of the lens, beneath the capsule is covered by what epithelium?
Simple cuboidal lens epithelium
120
What proteins fills the cytoplasm of the differentiating lens fibers?
Crystallins
121
Fibers that still have their nuclei but are greatly elongating and filling their cytoplasm with crystallins
A. DLF
B. MLF
A. DLF - Differentiating lens fibers
122
Fibers that have lost their nuclei and become densely packed to produce a unique transparent structure
A. DLF
B. MLF
B. MLF - Mature lens Fibers
123
What are the accessory structures of the eye?
Conjunctiva
Eyelids
Lacrimal Glands
124
A thin, transparent mucous membrane found in the lateral margin of cornea across the sclera
Conjunctiva of the eye
125
Covers the internal surface of the eyelids and is composed of a stratified columnar epithelium
Conjunctiva of the eye
126
Contains many goblet cells that rests on a lamina propria of loose connective tissue
Conjunctiva of the eye
127
What covers the external surface of the eyelid?
128
What lines the inner surface of the eyelid?
Smooth conjunctiva
129
Modified sebaceous glands that produce an oily secretion to lubricate the eye
Meibomian glands
130
Produces lacrimal fluid
Lacrimal gland
131
Drains lacrimal fluid from eyes
Lacrimal canals
132
133
Modified sweat glands between the eyelashes
Ciliary glands
134
