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special snowflake 1 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions best describes the evolution of the centrum in later tetrapods?
    a. Later tetrapod centrum primarily derived from the pleurocentrum
    b. Later tetrapod centrum primarily derived from intercentrum
    c. Later tetrapod centrum was derived equally from both the pleurocentrum and the intercentrum
    d. Evolved from an unknown component other than the pleurocentrum and the intercentrum
A

a.Later tetrapod centrum primarily derived from the pleurocentrum

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following components of the amniote vertebra form the roof plate over the neural canal?
    a. Pediceles (side walls of neural canal)
    b. Transverse processes
    c. Laminae
    d. Zygapophyses (articulation of vertebra
A

c.Laminae

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3
Q

Myomere compartments are defined by connective tissue partitions that connect at right angles. The horizontal septa separate what?

a. Epaxial and hypaxial musculature
    b. Separation of myomeres (which is the transverse septa)
A

a.Epaxial and hypaxial musculature

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4
Q
  1. What type of joint is representative of your hip and shoulder joint?
    a. Uniaxial
    b. Biaxial
    c. Triaxial
    d. Nonaxial
A

TRIAXIAL

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following subdivisions of the vertebrate skull is made entirely of intamembraneous bones?
    a. Neurocranium
    b. Viscerocranium
    c. Splanchiocranium
    d. Dermatocranium
A

D. DERMATOCRANIUM

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following bones are derived as ossifications from the first pharyngeal arch?
    a. Epiterygoids
    b. Pterygoids
    c. Basisphenoid(Paracordal cartilages)
    d. Stapes (2nd Arch)
A

A. EPIPTERYGOIDS

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7
Q

In most fishes the upper jaw is not attached to the brain case and is braced against the braincase by the hyomandibular bone, this refers to what type of jaw articulation?

A

HYOSTYLIC

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8
Q

Tonic muscle fibers, slow sustained activity, postural muscles, are found in which of the following groups of vertebrates?

a. All vertebrates
b. Non-mammalian vertebrates
c. Mammalian vertebrates
A

Non-mammalian vertebrates

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9
Q

which of the following groups of muscles are innervated by cranial nerves and associated with pharyngeal arches?

a. smooth
b. skeletal
c. cardiac
    d. Branchiomeric
A

BRANCHIOMERIC

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following groups of muscles are derived directly from the myotomes and demonstrate a distinct segmental arrangement?
    a. Brachiomeric
    b. Axial
    c. Appendicular
    d. Cardiac
A

b.Axial

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following cranial nerves are responsible for innervating 4 of the 6 extrinsic eye muscles
    a. CN III (oculomotor)
    b. CN IV (trochear)
    c. CN V (Trigeminal)
    d. CN VI (Abducens)
A

a.CN III (oculomotor)

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following descriptions best describes the comparison of hypaxial musculature of fish to hypaxial musculature in amphibians
    a. Hypaxial musculature in fish in not divided into layers, amphibian hypaxial musculature is divided into 3 layers
    b. fishes have a rectus Femoris
A

a.Hypaxial musculature in fish in not divided into layers, amphibian hypaxial musculature is divided into 3 layers

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following CN innervates muscles derived from the first pharyngeal arch?
    a. CN I (olfactory)
    b. CN IV (trochlear)
    c. CN V (trigeminal)
    d. CN VII (facial)
A

c.CN V (trigeminal)

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14
Q

2nd Pharengial arch innervation?

A

VII

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15
Q

…Cucullaris refers to which of the following muscle groups?

a. Lattisimus dorsi
b. Trapezius
c. Teres major
    d. Pectoralis major
A

b.Trapezius

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16
Q

This muscle closes the jaw and also pulls the jaw forward (protracts). This muscle is derived from the first pharyngeal arch and is homologous to which of the following muscles in Necturus?

a. Anterior digastric
b. Intermandibullaris
c. …
d. adductor mandibularis
A

d.adductor mandibularis

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17
Q

16.Why are the anterior and posterior digastric innervated by different cranial nerves?

A

a.Because they derive from different pharyngeal arches

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18
Q

which of the following represents the most constant dorsal extrinsic appendicular muscle?

a. Trapezius
b. Serratus ventralis
c. Latissimus dorsi
    d. Levator scapulae
A

c.Latissimus dorsi

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles form a supporting sling for the thoracic region in a majority of animals?
    a. Trapezius
    b. Serratus ventralis
    c. Latissimus dorsi
    d. Levator scapulae
A

b.Serratus ventralis

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20
Q

Vertebrate skulls may have one or more openings, which of the following

a. Mammal like reptiles
b. Turtles and cotylosaurs
c. Reptiles
    d. Ichthiosaurs and pleisosaurs
A

reptiles

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21
Q

Which of the following statements is the articulation of the jaw in the reptiles

a. The quadrate articulates with the articular bones in an autosylic jaw articulation
b. Hyostylic jaw articulation
c. Craniostylic articulation
d. The reptiles have a tympanic membrane that is low on their head
A

a.The quadrate articulates with the articular bones in an autosylic jaw articulation

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22
Q
  1. In which of first vertebrates are the basisphenoids first fused to the epiterygoids and pterygoids?
    a. Gnathostomes
    b. Pelycosaurs
    c. Therapsids
    d. Mammals
23
Q
  1. In which of groups of vertebrates are the basisphenoids fused to the epiterygoids and reach all the way to the roof of the brain?
    a. Gnathostomes
    b. Pelycosaurs
    c. Therapsids
    d. Mammals
24
Q
  1. Which of the following types of jaw articulation is characteristic of mammals?
    a. Hyostylic
    b. Autostylic
    c. Craniostylic
    d. Mandibulostylic
25
24.   The quadrate bone moves into the middle ear cavity and becomes which of the following?  (Qi, Am) a.      Stapes b.      Incus c.      … d.      Malleous
Incus
26
25.   Which of the following is an endochondral bone of the pectoral girdle a.      Scapulae b.      Clavicle c.      Interclavicle d.      Cleithrum
Scapulae
27
26.   Which of the following endochondral elements is involved in limb articulation? a.      Scapulae b.      Clavicle c.      Interclavicle d.      Cleithrum
scapulae
28
27.   Which of the following dermal component of the pectoral girdle is lacking in mammals? a.      Scapulae b.      Clavicle c.      Interclavicle d.      Cleithrum
Cleithrum
29
Tetraradiate pelvic girdle is found in which of the following groups of vertebrates? a.      Saurischians b.      Ornisthians c.      … shit answer d.      … shit answer
Ornisthians
30
29.   Which component of the pelvic girdle carries the articulation with the sacral vertebrae? a.      Ilium b.      Ishium c.      Prepubic d.      Pubis 
a.     Ilium
31
30.   Which vertebrate is considered hyperphalangeal? a.      Humans b.      Salamanders c.      Whales d.      Therapsids 
Whales
32
31.  What is the general phalangeal formula in mammals?
2:3:3:3:3
33
32.   Which refers to the proximal arm element of the tetrapod limb (femur or humerus) a.      Zeugopod b.      Autopod c.      Stylopod
Stylopod
34
33.   Which muscle is NOT part of the rotator cuff? a.      Subscapularis b.      Supraspinatus c.      Teres major d.      Teres minor
c.     Teres major
35
34.   What is an intrinsic muscle of the upper arm? a.      triceps b.      rhomboid c.      serratus d.      levator 
Triceps
36
35.   In salamanders several muscles comprise the deltoid complex, which of these muscles is equivalent to the teres minor in mammals? a.      Coracoid  b.      spinodeltoid c.      Procorohumeralis d.      Scapuladeltoid
c.     Procorohumeralis
37
36.   What is the muscle found in the posterior compartment of the brachium (arm)?   a.      Biceps brachii b.      Triceps brachii c.      Brachialis  d.      Brachioradialis
Triceps
38
Muscle shortens
concentric
39
muscle lengthens
eccentric
40
37.  The brachialis Originates from the humerus and inserts on the forearm and functions to flex the forearm, this muscle would be classified into which compartment?
Brachium
41
Which type of muscles would be located in the posterior compartment of the lower arm? a.      Wrist/ fingers Flexors b.      Wrist/ finger Extensors c.      Forearm flexors d.      Forearm extensors
b.     Wrist/ finger Extensors
42
39.   The Sartorius muscles in mammals crosses the anterior surface of the thigh diagonally, which of the following is the equivalent muscle in reptiles? a.      Iliofemoralis b.      Femerotibialis c.      Iliotibialis  d.      Ambiens
d.     Ambiens
43
This muscle originates from the thigh and inserts on the tibial tuberosity, what muscle is equivalent in reptiles? a.      Iliofemoralis b.      Femerotibialis c.      Iliotibialis  d.      Ambiens
b.     Femerotibialis
44
41.   Which of the following is located in the posterior compartment of the lower leg? a.      Rectus Femoris b.      Tibialis anterior c.      Gastrocnemius
c.     Gastrocnemius
45
42.   Hemal arches are associated with which of the following kinds of vertebrae? a.      Cervical b.      Thoracic c.      Sacral d.      Caudal
d.     Caudal
46
43.   Metamerism if the vertebral column can be attributed to the origin of the vertebral column from which of the following components of the embryonic somites? a.      Dermatome b.      Sclerotome c.      Myotome d.      Hematoma 
B. Sclerotome
47
44.   The atlas/axis complex first appears in which of the following grops of vertebrates? a.      Placoderms b.      Anurans c.      Reptiles d.      Therapsids 
Reptiles
48
45.  The largest number of cervical vertebrae occur in which of the following groups of vertebrates
birds
49
46.  which of the following types of vertebrae typically have articulation facets for ribs?
Thoracic
50
47.   Which of the following statements is correct regarding the mammalian dens a.      It is a process found on the atlas b.      It is a process embryologically derived from the atlas c.      It is associated with the mammalian jaw articulation d.      It is a tooth-like process associated with the secondary palatte
b.     It is a process embryologically derived from the atlas
51
 Overlapping plates referred to uncinate processes help to stabilize the ribcage in which of the following groups of vertebrates? a.      Birds b.      Mammals c.      Frogs d.      Pelycosaurs
birds
52
Which of the following would be representative of short bones? a.      Phalanges b.      Vertebrae c.      Carpals d.      Nasal bones 
carpals
53
Which of the following would be an example of a triaxial diarthrosis? a.      Atlas/axis b.      Humero-ulnar joint c.      Wrist joint d.      Glenohumeral joint
d.     Glenohumeral joint
54
Amphiceleous
Shape of ends of centra

comparative #2 (1 decks)

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