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Optho > Special Species > Flashcards

Special Species Flashcards

1
Q

What motor nerve block is used in horse exam

A

Auriculopalpebral

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2
Q

What is the main disease in horses

A

Corneal ulcer

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3
Q

Drugs used for nerve blocks

A

Lidocaine, carbocaine, bupivicane

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4
Q

What sensory cranial nerve is blocked for horse eye exam

A

CN 5

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5
Q

What does the supraorbital block do

A

Medial 2/3 of upper lid

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of sensory block

A

Supraorbital (most common)
Lacrimal
Line

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7
Q

Why are fungal ulcers frustrating

A

Can do what every they want

Variety of appearances

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8
Q

Characteristics of fungal ulcers

A 
Cellular infiltrate
Enzymatic activity
Groove development
Plaque formation
Grey/white/yellow/dark brown
Rough/gritty surface
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9
Q

Fungal infection within corneal stroma, overlaying epithelium intact

A

Stromal abscesses

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10
Q

Characteristics of stromal abscesses

A

Common in horses
Difficult to treat
Severe w/ uveitis
May need surgical excision

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11
Q

Immune mediated uveitis
Primary uveitis
Chronic
Leading cause of blindness

A

Equine Recurrent uveitis

Moon blindness) (ERU

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12
Q

Many cases of this are recurrent

A

ERU

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13
Q

What happens to inflammation at the cellular level of ERU

A

Persists

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14
Q

Classic cases of ERU

A

Repeated sever inflammation
Variable intervals with nothing between cases
Unilateral

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15
Q

Insidious ERU

A

No overt case
Slow deterioration
Appaloosas
Bilateral

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16
Q

Secondary complications are more common in which ERU

A

Insidious

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17
Q

Most common breed that develops insidious uveitis

A

Appaloosas

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18
Q

Causes of ERU

A 
Leptospirosis 
Viral
Parasites
Genetics
Immune mediated
19
Q

Why would you use a Subpalpebral lavage

A

Overcome patient resistance
Easy administration
Increase frequency, safety, efficacy

20
Q

why would you use atropine

A

Increase ocular comfort
Decrease colic
Decrease tear production
Increased IOP

21
Q

The major cause of ocular surface disease in cats

A

Feline herpesvirus

22
Q

Ophthalmic disorders with FHV-1

A 
Neonatal ophthalmia
Conjunctivitis
Corneal dendritic ulcers
Stromal keratitis
Other keratitis
Corneal sequestration
KCS
23
Q

Percentage of cats latelnly infected with FHV-1 after initial infection

A

> 80%

24
Q

FHV in kittens primary or secondary

A

Primary

25
Q

Characteristics of FHV in kittens

A

Acute
Conjunctival-respiratory infection
Bilateral Serous
Resolves in 10-14 days

26
Q

FHV in cats

A 
No respiratory 
Uni or bilateral
Intermittent blepharospasm
Hype remix conjunctiva
Chronic and recurrent
27
Q

Superficial ulcer that follows nerve
Active or acute disease
“Classic”

A

Ulcerative keratitis

-dendritic ulcers

28
Q

Non-ulcerative
Chronic
Fibrosis, edema, blood vessels
Immmune mediated

A

Stromal Keratitis

29
Q

Where does FHV hide out

A

Trigeminal ganglia

30
Q

What causes recurrent ophthalmic FHV

A

Steroids
Stress
Immunosuppresion
Trigminal ganglion shedding

31
Q

Cytolytic treatment of FHV

A

Topical antibiotics
antiviral
NO steroids

32
Q

Immunopathologic FHV treatment

A

Topical anti inflammatory

Topical antiviral

33
Q

Proliferative keratoconjuntivitus in cats alternative name

A

Known as eosinophilic keratitis

34
Q

Characteristics of proliferative keratococnjunctivitus

A

Proliferative white/pink mass
Focal corneal edema nad vascularization
Uni-bilateral

35
Q

Where are masses located in proliferative keratoconjunctivits

A

Limbus
Conjunctiva
Nictitans

36
Q

Treatment of proliferative keratoconjunctivitis

A

Topical dex
Topical cyclosporine
Surgery

37
Q

Corneal sequestration in cats

A

Corneal black spot
Corneal nigrum
Focal corneal degeneration
Corneal mummification

38
Q

What breeds are effected by corneal sequestration

A

all of them

39
Q

Causes of corneal sequestration

A

Hereditary
FHV
Chronic irritation and exposure

40
Q

Diffuse iris melanoma

A

Flat pigmented freckles infiltrate of iris stroma
Spreads and thickens iris
Metastasize to lungs and liver

41
Q

Characteristics of avian eyes

A 
Have eyelids
No eyelashes
TE is dorsomedial
Voluntary control of pupil
No tapetum
Avascular retina with pecten
42
Q

What causes most amphibian eye issues

A

Husbandry problems

43
Q

High cricket, high fat diet in frogs will cause

A

Lipid keratopathy

44
Q

Eyelids fused and transparent in snake

A

Spectacle

Optho (13 decks)

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