Special Tests Flashcards
1
Q
Purpose of Yergason’s
A
Test integrity of Transverse Ligament
2
Q
Result of Yergason’s
A
Long head of biceps tendon pops out of bicipital groove, tenderness in the groove (tendinosis possible)
3
Q
A
Yergason’s
4
Q
Purpose of Speed’s Test
A
Identify bicipital tendonosis/ tendinopathy
5
Q
A
Speed’s Test
6
Q
Result of Speed’s test
A
Pain in LHB tendon and tender in bicipital groove
7
Q
Purpose of Neer’s
A
Impingement of supraspinatus and biceps tendon
8
Q
A
Neer’s Impingement Test
9
Q
Result of Neer’s
A
Reproduction of pain in Shoulder
10
Q
Purpose of Empty Can
A
Identify tear/impingement of supraspinatus tendon or supraspinatus nerve neuropathy
11
Q
A
Empty Can
12
Q
Result of Empty Can
A
Reproduction of pain in supraspinatus tendon or weakness in empty can position
13
Q
Purpose of Drop Arm Test
A
Identify tear or full rupture of RTC
14
Q
A
Drop Arm Test
15
Q
Result of Drop Arm Test
A
Pt unable to slowly lower arm or severe pain with doing so
16
Q
Purpose of Posterior Internal Impingement Test ***
A
Identify impingement btwn RTC and greater tuberosity or posterior glenoid and labrum
17
Q
A
Posterior Internal Impingement Test **
18
Q
Result of Posterior Internal Impingement Test
A
Reproduction of pain in posterior shoulder
19
Q
Purpose of Hawkin’s Kennedy Impingement Test
A
Identify sub-acromial impingement
20
Q
A
Hawkins Kennedy Impingement
21
Q
Result of Hawkins Kennedy
A
pain= positive test for supraspinatus tendinosis or secondary impingement
22
Q
Purpose Horn Blower’s sign (Patte)
A
detect RTC tears involving teres minor
23
Q
Result of Horn Blower’s sign (Patte)
A
unable to ER shoulder
24
Q
Purpose of Active Compression Test (O’Briens)
A
detect SLAP (Type II) or superior labral lesions
25
Result of Active Compression Test (O'Briens)
pain on jt line or pnful clicking inside shoulder in first part of test and is eliminated or decreased in 2nd part of test
26
Purpose of Biceps Load Test
check integrity of superior labrum
27
Result of Biceps Load Test
If apprehension decreases or pt feels more comfy= neg for SLAP lesion
If apprehension remains same or worse= pos for SLAP lesion
28
Purpose of ER Lag Sign
test teres minor and infraspinatus
29
Result of ER Lag Sign
pt cannot hold position and hand springs anteriorly towards midline
30
Purpose of Abdominal Compression Test (Belly Press Test)
Check subscapularis muscle
30
Result of Abdominal Compression Test (Belly Press Test)
-Pt unable to maintain pressure on examiner's hand while moving elbow forward
-posteriorly flexes wrist or extends shoulder
= tear of subscap
31
Purpose of Lift off Sign (Gerber's Test)
detect lesion of subscap mm
32
Result of Lift off Sign (Gerber's Test)
Inability to lift hand away from back= lesion of subscap mm
33
Purpose of Jerk Test
Test recurrent posterior instability
34
Result of Jerk Test
production of sudden jerk or clunk (humeral head subluxing off back of glenoid)
-when moved back to original 90 deg abd positon, may feel 2nd jerk (reduction)
35
Purpose of Sulcus Sign
test for inf shoulder instability
36
Result of Sulcus Sign
inferior instability or glenohumeral laxity = only if symptomatic
37
Purpose of Pectoralis Major Contracture Test
identify tightness of pec major m
38
Result of Pectoralis Major Contracture Test
elbows don't reach table= short pec major m
39
Purpose of Halstead Maneuver
identify pathology of structures passing through the thoracic inlet
40
Result of Halstead Maneuver
absence or disappearance of pulse= positive for TOS
41
Purpose of Clunk Test
identify glenoid labrum tear
42
Result of Clunk Test
audible clunk= glenoid labrum tear
43
Purpose of Anterior Apprehension/Crank Test
identify past anterior dislocation of shoulder
44
Result of Anterior Apprehension/Crank Test
Pt doesn't allow or like to move shoulder into direction to stimulate anterior dislocation
45
Purpose of Apprehension Sign
identify past history of posterior shoulder dislocation
46
Result of Apprehension Sign
Pt doesn't allow or like to move shoulder into direction to stimulate posterior dislocation
47
Purpose of Acromioclavicular Shear Test
identify dysfunction of AC jt such as arthritis, separation
48
Result of Acromioclavicular Shear Test
Reproduction of pain in AC jt
49
Purpose of Adson's Test
identify pathology of structures that pass through thoracic inlet
50
Result of Adson's Test
a disappearance of the pulse
51
Purpose of Costoclavicular Syndrome Test
identify pathology of structures that pass through thoracic outlet
52
Result of Costoclavicular Syndrome Test
absence of a pulse implies TOS
53
Purpose of Hyperabduction (Wright) Test
identify pathology of structures that pass through thoracic outlet
54
Result of Hyperabduction (Wright) Test
neurological/ vascular sx (disappearance of pulse)
55
Purpose of ROOS test
identify pathology of structures that pass through thoracic inlet
56
Result of ROOS test
pt unable to hold position for 3 mins, has ischemic pain, heaviness, profound arm weakness, N/T of hand= positive for TOS
57
Purpose of ULNT1
Median n, AIN, C5/C6/C7
58
Purpose of ULNT2
Median n, Musculocutaneous n, Axillary n
59
Purpose of ULNT3
Radial n
60
Purpose of ULNT4
Ulnar n, C8/T1 nerve roots
61
Purpose of Ligament Instability Test (Elbow)
identify ligament laxity or restriction
62
Result of Ligament Instability Test (Elbow)
laxity, pain
63
Purpose of Lateral Epicondylitis Test (Cozen's)
identify epicondylopathy
64
Result of Lateral Epicondylitis Test (Cozen's)
sudden severe pain in lateral epicondyle area of elbow
65
Purpose of Mill's Test
identify lateral epicondylopathy
66
Result of Mill's Test
Pain over lateral epicondyle of humerus
67
Purpose of Maudsley's Test
identify epicondylopathy
68
Result of Maudsley's Test
pain over lateral epicondyle of humerus
69
Purpose of Elbow Flexion Test
identify cubital tunnel syndrome
70
Result of Elbow Flexion Test
tingling or parasthesia in ulnar n distribution in forearm and hand
71
Purpose of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow) Test
identify medial epicondylopathy
72
Result of Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow) Test
pain over medial epicondyle of humerus
73
Purpose of Tinel's Sign (elbow)
Identify dysfunction of ulnar nerve at olecranon
74
Result of Tinel's sign (elbow)
tingling in ulnar n distribution of forearm & hand
75
Purpose of Pronator Teres Syndrome Test
identify median n entrapment within pronator teres m
76
Result of Pronator Teres Syndrome Test
tingling or parasthesia in the median n distribution of forearm and hand
77
Purpose of Finkelstein's Test
determine presence of DeQuervain disease (peritonitis of the thumb)
78
Result of Finkelstein's Test
pain over abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons @ wrist
79
Purpose of Froment's Sign
identify ulnar n dysfunction
80
Result of Froment's Sign
-terminal phalanx of thumb flexes when paper is pulled away= paralysis of adductor pollicis m= ulnar nerve paralysis
-MCP jt hyperextends= ulnar nerve paralysis
81
Purpose of Wartenberg Sign
identify ulnar nerve neuropathy
82
Result of Wartenberg Sign
inability to squeeze little finger to the rest of hand = ulnar neuropathy
83
Purpose of Hoffman's Sign
test for UMN dysfunction
84
Result of Hoffman's Sign
Interphalangeal joint of thumb of same hand flexes/adducts and fingers may flex
85
Purpose of Murphy's Sign (Thumb)
identify lunate dislocation
86
Result of Murphy's Sign (Thumb)
When making a fist the head of the third
metacarpal is level with the second and fourth MCPs =
lunate dislocation
87
Purpose of Tinel's Sign (wrist)
Identify carpal tunnel compression of median nerve
88
Result of Tinel's Sign (wrist)
tingling or paresthesia into the thumb, index finger,
and middle and lateral half of the ring finger = carpal tunnel
89
Purpose of Phalen's Test
Identify carpal tunnel compression of median nerve
90
Result of Phalen's Test
Reproduction of pt sx = carpal tunnel, or relief of sx when PT lets out of applied wrist flexion
91
Purpose of 2 pt discrimination Test
identify level of sensory innervation in hand
92
Result of 2 pt discrimination Test
discrimination distance
recognition > than 6 mm
93
Purpose of Allen's Test
identify vascular compromise
94
Result of Allen's Test
Hand does not flush when pressure is released from artery (within 5-7 sec)
95
Purpose of Faber Test
Identify hip dysfunction, such as mobility restriction
96
Result of Faber Test
test leg’s knee remaining above the opposite straight leg= hip jt may be affected , iliopsoas spasm, or SIJ affected
97
Purpose of Hip Scour (Grind) Test
Identify DJD of hip joint
98
Result of Hip Scour (Grind) Test
reproduces pain in hip joint and refer pain to knee or elsewhere
99
Purpose of Trendelenburg Sign
identify weakness of gluteus medius or unstable hip joint
100
Result of Trendelenburg Sign
pelvis on the opposite side (non-stance side) drops when the patient
stands on the affected leg
101
Purpose of Thomas Test
Identifies tightness of hip flexors
102
Result of Thomas Test
the patient’s straight leg rises off the table and a muscle stretch end feel will be felt = contracture
103
Purpose of Ober's Test
identify tightness of TFL/IT band
104
Result of Ober's Test
leg remains abducted and does not fall to the table= contracture
105
Purpose of Ely's Test
identify tightness of rectus femoris
106
Result of Ely's Test
On flexion of the knee, the patient’s hip on the same side spontaneously
flexes = tight rectus femoris
107
Purpose of 90-90 Hamstring Test
Identify HS tightness
108
Result of 90-90 Hamstring Test
knee is unable to reach 10 degree from neutral position (lacking
10 degree of extension)
109
Purpose of Tripod Sign
Identifies tightness of hamstring muscle
110
Result of Tripod Sign
Extension of the spine
111
Purpose of Piriformis Test
Identifies piriformis syndrome
112
Result of Piriformis Test
pn in mm/ buttock= sciatica
113
Purpose of Leg length Test
Identifies true leg length discrepancy
114
Result of Leg length Test
difference > 1 to 1.3 cm (0.5 to 1 inch)
115
Purpose of Craig's Test
identify abnormal femoral anteversion
116
Result of Craig's Test
The degree of anteversion can then be estimated, based on the angle of
the lower leg with the vertical. Retro version <8 deg ; anteversion >15 deg
117
Purpose of Collateral Ligament Instability Test (LCL & MCL)
identify ligament laxity or restriction
118
Result of Collateral Ligament Instability Test (LCL & MCL)
Primary finding is laxity but pain may be reproduced
119
Purpose of Lachman's Test
Indicates integrity of ACL
120
Result of Lachman's Test
“mushy” or soft end feel when the tibia is
moved forward on the femur (increased anterior translation with medial rotation of the
tibia) and disappearance of the infrapatellar tendon slope
121
Purpose of Pivot Shift Test
Indicates ACL integrity
122
Result of Pivot Shift Test
-Reduction: A sudden reduction of the
anteriorly subluxed lateral tibial plateau is seen
-Subluxation: As the patient’s
knee reaches full extension, the tibial plateau will be felt to relocate.
123
Purpose of Posterior Sag Test
Indicates PCL integrity
124
Result Posterior Sag Test
the tibia “drops back,” or sags back, on the femur d/t gravity = torn PCL
125
Purpose of Slocum Test
assess both anteromedial and anterolateral rotary instabilities
126
Result of Slocum Test
-when PT sits on pt foot & draws tibia forward, movement occurs primarily on the lateral side of the knee. This movement is
excessive relative to the unaffected side and indicates ALRI
- when the foot is placed in 15° of lateral
rotation, and the tibia is drawn forward by the examiner, the movement occurs primarily on the medial
side of the knee = excessive relative to the
unaffected side = anteromedial rotary instability
127
Purpose of Posterior Drawer Test
Indicates integrity of PCL
128
Result of Posterior Drawer Test
Excess posterior glide
129
Purpose of Reverse Lachman Test
Test for the posterior cruciate ligament integrity
130
Result of Reverse Lachman Test
note the amount of movement and the
quality of the end feel.
131
Purpose of McMurray's Test
Identifies meniscal tears
132
Result of McMurray's Test
snap or click that is often accompanied by pain = loose fragment of lateral meniscus
133
Purpose of Apley Test
Help differentiate between meniscal tears and ligamentous lesion
134
Result of Apley Test
-rotation + distraction is more painful or shows increased rotation = ligamentous lesion
-Rotation + compression is more painful or shows decreased rotation = meniscal injury
135
Purpose of Bounce Home Test
Indicates meniscal lesion
136
Result of Bounce Home Test
extension is not complete or has a rubbery
end feel (“springy block”) = most likely cause of a block is a torn meniscus
137
Purpose of Thessaly Test
Indicates meniscal lesion
138
Result of Thessaly Test
pt
experiences medial or lateral jt line discomfort or sense of locking or catching in knee = meniscal tear
139
Purpose of Patellar Apprehension Test
Indicate past history of patella dysfunction
140
Result of Patellar Apprehension Test
Pt does not allow the patella to move in lateral direction
141
Purpose of Clarke's Sign
Identify patellofemoral dysfunction
142
Result of Clarke's Sign
retropatellar pain and the patient
cannot hold a contraction = patellofemoral dysfunction
143
Purpose of Q Angle Measurement
Find angle formed between imaginary line connecting ASIS to center of patella and proximal projection of line from tibial tubercle to center of patella
144
Result of Q Angle Measurement
NORMAL: Q-angle is 13° for males and 18° for females when the knee is straight
145
Purpose of Noble Compression Test
Identifies distal IT band friction syndrome
146
Result of Noble Compression Test
At approximately 30° of flexion (0° being straight leg), the patient
experiences severe pain over the lateral femoral condyle = IT band friction
147
Purpose of Tinel's Sign (knee)
dysfunction of common fibular nerve posterior to fibular head
148
Result Tinel's Sign (knee)
Reproduces tingling sensation or paresthesia in leg
149
Purpose of Neutral Subtalar Positioning
Identifies abnormal rearfoot to forefoot positioning
150
Result of Neutral Subtalar Positioning
Neutral position is where you feel foot fall off easier to one side or other
151
Purpose of Anterior Drawer Test
Identify ligamentous instability (particularly anterior talofibular ligament)
152
Result of Anterior Drawer Test
talus has excessive anterior glide/ pain = ligamentous instability
153
Purpose of Talar Tilt Test
identify instability of calcaneofibular ligament
154
Result of Talar Tilt Test
Inversion tests the calcaneofibular ligament. Eversion stresses the deltoid
ligament
155
Purpose of External Rotation Stress Test
Evaluates syndesmosis injury and a tear of the deltoid ligament
156
Result of External Rotation Stress Test
-pain is produced over the anterior or posterior tibiofibular
ligaments and the interosseous membrane = syndesmosis
-pain is present
medially and the examiner feels the talus displace from the medial
malleolus = deltoid ligg tear
157
Purpose of Squeeze Test
assess the syndesmosis integrity
158
Result of Squeeze Test
Pn in lower leg = syndesmosis injury (ruled out fracture, contusion, and compartment syndrome)
159
Purpose of Thompson's Test
Evaluates integrity of Achilles tendon
160
Result of Thompson's Test
absence of plantar flexion when the muscle is squeezed = ruptured achilles (3rd degree strain)
161
Purpose of Tinel's Sign (Ankle)
Identifies dysfunction of posterior tibial nerve
162
Result of Tinel's Sign (Ankle)
tingling or paresthesia felt distally = post tibial n dysfunction
163
Purpose of Morton's Test
Identifies stress fracture or neuroma in forefoot
164
Result of Morton's Test
Pain = fracture or neuroma
165
Purpose of Vertebral Artery Test
Assess integrity of vertebro-basilar vascular system
166
Result of Vertebral Artery Test
referring symptoms if the opposite artery is affected
167
Purpose of Transverse Ligament Stress Test
test integrity of transverse ligament
168
Result of Transverse Ligament Stress Test
soft end feel; muscle spasm; dizziness; nausea; paresthesia of the lip, face, or limb; nystagmus; or a lump sensation in the throat
169
Purpose of Sharp-Purser Test
determine subluxation of the atlas on the axis
170
Result of Sharp-Purser Test
examiner feels the head slide backward
during the movement. The slide backward indicates that the
subluxation of the atlas has been reduced, and the slide
may be accompanied by a “clunk" = subluxed atlas on axis
171
Purpose of Anterior Shear Test
Test the integrity of the supporting ligamentous and capsular tissues of
the cervical spine
172
Result of Anterior Shear Test
nystagmus, pupil changes, dizziness, soft end feel, nausea, facial or lip paresthesia,
and a lump sensation in the throat
173
Purpose of Spurling's Test
Identifies dysfunction (compression) of cervical nerve root
174
Result of Spurling's Test
dermatome distribution of the pain and altered sensation can give
some indication as to which nerve root is involved
175
Purpose of Maximum Cervical Compression Test
Identify compression of neural structures at intervertebral foramen or
facet joint dysfunction
176
Result of Maximum Cervical Compression Test
-Pain on the concave side indicates nerve root or facet joint pathology
-pain on the convex side indicates muscle strain
177
Purpose of Distraction Test
Identify compression of neural structures at intervertebral foramen or
facet joint dysfunction
178
Result of Distraction Test
decrease in symptom in neck (facet condition) or
decrease in upper limb pain (neurological condition) = facet jt dysfunction or neural compression
179
Purpose of Shoulder Abduction Test
To test for radicular symptoms, especially those involving the C4 or C5
nerve roots.
180
Result of Shoulder Abduction Test
A decrease in or relief of symptoms indicates a cervical extradural compression problem, such as a herniated disc, epidural vein compression, or nerve root compression, usually in the C4–C5 or C5–C6 area.
181
Purpose of Lhermitte Sign
Identifies dysfunction of spinal cord and upper motor neuron lesion
182
Result of Lhermitte Sign
sharp, electric shock-like pain down the
spine and into the upper or lower limbs= dural or meningeal irritation in the
spine or possible cervical myelopathy.
183
Purpose of Hautant's Test
Differentiate dizziness or vertigo caused by articular problems from that
caused by vascular problems
184
Result of Hautant's Test
wavering of the arms occurs, the dysfunction = vascular impairment to the brain
185
Purpose of Rib Springing
Evaluates rib mobility
186
Result of Rib Springing
pain, excessive motion of rib or restriction
187
Purpose of Thoracic Springing
Evaluates Intervertebral joint mobility in thoracic spine
188
Result of Thoracic Springing
pain, excessive motion of rib or restriction
189
Purpose of Slump Test
Identifies dysfunction of neurological structures supplying lower limb
190
Result of Slump Test
Reproduction of the patient’s symptoms = impingement of the dura and spinal cord or nerve root
191
Purpose of SLR (Lasegue's Test)
Identifies dysfunction of neurological structures supplying lower limb
192
Result of SLR (Lasegue's Test)
Reproduction of pathological neurological symptoms when foot is
dorsiflexed
193
SLR2 Test involves what movements to test Tibial n
-hip flexion
-knee ext
-ankle DF
-Foot eversion
-Toe ext
194
SLR3 Test involves what movements to Test Sural n
-Hip flexion
-knee ext
-ankle DF
-foot inversion
195
SLR4 Test involves what movements to test Common Peroneal n
-Hip flexion and IR
-Knee Ext
-Ankle PF
-Foot Inversion
196
Purpose of Femoral Nerve Traction Test
Identify compression of femoral nerve
197
Result of Femoral Nerve Traction Test
Neurological pain radiates down the anterior thigh
198
Purpose of Valsalva Maneuver
Identify a space occupying lesion
199
Result of Valsalva Maneuver
increased pain= increased intrathecal pressure
200
Purpose of Babinski Test
Identifies UMN lesion
201
Result of Babinski Test
extension of the big toe and abduction (splaying) of the
other toes = UMN lesion
202
Purpose of Quadrant Test
Identify compression of neural structures at the intervertebral foramen
and facet dysfunction
203
Result of Quadrant Test
symptoms are produced= compression of neural structures at intervertebral foramen and facet dysfunction
204
Purpose of Stork Standing Test
Identifies spondylolisthesis
205
Result of Stork Standing Test
-pain in the back = pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolisthesis)
-standing on ipsilateral leg causes pain= stress fx is unilateral
206
Purpose of Mckenzie's Side Glide Test
Differentiates between scoliotic curvature versus neurological
dysfunction causing abnormal curvature of trunk
207
Result of Mckenzie's Side Glide Test
increased neurological symptoms on the affected side
208
Purpose of Bicycle (Van Gelderen's Test)
Differentiates between intermittent claudication and spinal stenosis
209
Result of Bicycle (Van Gelderen's Test)
increase in symptoms with continued exercise, regardless of the position of the
spine = intermittent claudication of LE
210
212
