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Med Con II > Special Topics > Flashcards

Special Topics Flashcards

1
Q

what is cancer related fatigue

A

-associated w surgery, chemom, raidation
-cumulative
-does not improve with rest
-limits quality of life
-affects ability to concentrate

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2
Q

what are the subjective and objective compponents of CRF

A

-physical: weak/tired
-mood: depression/anxiety
-motvation: lack of
-cognition: slow
-social: reduced ability to sustain relationships

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3
Q

how do you screen fatigue

A

-fatigue thermometer
-one item fatigue scale

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4
Q

what is a 0 on the ECOG scale

A

normal activity

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5
Q

what is a 1 on the ECOG scale

A

symptoms demonstrated, but pt remainds ambulatory and able to perform self care

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6
Q

what is a 2 on the ECOG scale

A

ambulatory >50% of the time and requires occasional assistance

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7
Q

what is a 3 on the ECOG scale

A

ambulatory <50% of the time and requires nursing care

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8
Q

what is a 4 on the ECOG scale

A

bedridden

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9
Q

what is a 5 on the ECOG scale

A

death

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10
Q

on the Karnofsky performance status scale, which number range is normal?

A

80-100

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11
Q

on the Karnofsky performance status scale, which number range is unable to work/able to live at home and care for most personal needs/minimal assistance?

A

50-70

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12
Q

on the Karnofsky performance status scale, which number range is unable to care for self/progressive disease?

A

0-40

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13
Q

what should the exercise intensity be for CRF?

A

50-70% max HR
Borg 12-14
modified borg: 3

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14
Q

what should the strength intensity be for CRF?

A

30-50% 1RM

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15
Q

how long should CRF workout?

A

accumulate 30 min most days per week
at least 3 days

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16
Q

what cautions should you watch for w cancer?

A

-bone metastases
-thrombocytopenia
-anemia
-neutropenia

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17
Q

what is an osteolytic lesion

A

cancer has caused bone breakdown or thinning; destroys bone material

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18
Q

what is an osteoblastic lesion

A

cancer has caused overproduction of bone cells which makes them rigid and inflexible

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19
Q

talk about spinal cord compression

A

-primary or secondary disease spreads to the vertebra and impinges on the spinal column
-etiologies: vertebreal collapse, direct invasion, prolonged compression can disrupt vascular supply

signs and symp:
-back pain
-motor> sensory changes
-bowel/bladder
-DTR

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20
Q

what is post prostatectomy incontinence

A

-immediately after catheter removal

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21
Q

what are the norms for RBC

A

M: 4.7-5.5
F: 4.1-4.9

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22
Q

what are the norms for WBC

A

4,500-11,000

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23
Q

what are the norms for hemoglobin

A

M: 14.4-16.6
F: 12.2-14.7

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24
Q

what are the norms for hematocrit

A

M: 43-49
F: 38-44

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25
what are the norms for platelets
150,000-350,000
26
what is plasma
liquid part of blood 55% -pale yellow made of 91% water colloid: liquid containing suspended substacnes that dont settle out
27
what does albumin do
important in regulation of water movement between tissues and blood
28
what do globulins do
immune system and transport molecules
29
what do clotting factors/fibringogen do
responsible for formation of blood clots
30
what makes up formed elements
1. RBC 2. WBC: granulocytes and agranulocytes 3. thrombocytes
31
talk about erythrocytes
componenets: hemoglobin, lipids, ATP, carbonic function: -transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs -acid base balance
32
what is mild anemia
>10-11.9 therapy as indicated; no precautions
33
what is moderate anemia
8-9.9 -decreased cardio reserve/endurance -monitor VS closely -patient symptoms: exercise intolerance/DOE/tachycardia/pallor
34
what is severe anemia
<7-8 -therapy may be contraindicated -blood transfucsion <5=increased risk of cardiac event
35
what is hematocrit
ratio of volume of RBC to total volume of blood
36
what is a crtiical value for hematocirt
<25%
37
what are the signs of anemai
weakness, fatigue, dyspnea tachycardia., pallor
38
what are some transfusion reactions
1. febrile non-hemolytic reaction=most common, fever, chills SOB 2. acute hemolytic reaction-rapid destruction of donor erythrotyes= decreasing H&H 3. anaphlactic reaction 4. transfuction associated acute lung injury
39
talk about thrombocytes
-small fragments of megakaryocytes -platelets contain granules that are secreted in response to activation -important in preventing blood loss= platelet plugs
40
what value is thrombocytopenia
<150,000
41
what value is thrombocytosis
>350,000
42
what can you do for exercise when thrombocytopenia is 50,000-149,999?
low intensity
43
what can you do for exercise when thrombocytopenia is 30,000-50,000?
not associated w spontaneous bleeding -AROM exercise, walking
44
what can you do for exercise when thrombocytopenia is <10,000-20,000?
risk of spontaneous bleeding therapy contraindicated
45
what can you do for exercise wtih thrombocytosis
no distinct rec -increased risk of bleeding
46
what is VTE
disease that includes both DVT and PE 3rd most common CV illness
47
what is Wells criteria for PE
1. prevoius PE or DVT 2. heart >100 bpm 3. recent surgery within past 4 weeks or immobilization >3 days 4. clinical signs of DVT 5. alternative diagnosis less likely than PE 6. hemoptysis 7. malignancy/cancer
48
what are the hallmark clinical features of a PE
1. tachypnea (16 breahs per minute or greater) 2. tachycardia 3. sudden onset dyspnea 4. chest pain call 911, if you suspect PE
49
what are the other features to consider with a PE?
1. hypotension, dizzy, lighthead 2. desaturation 3. cough
50
what are the long term complications of a DVT
-venous stasis syndrome -venous ulcer
51
what are the long term compilcations of a PE
-chronic thromboembolic disease/pulmonary hypertension -post PE syndrome
52
what is post thrombotic syndrome
-developts in 20-50% of patients within 1-2 years -severete PTS results in venous stasis ulcers
53
what are common symptoms of post thrombotic syndrome
-pain: heaviness, cramps, itching, tingling -aggravated by standing or walking physical exam: -edema, hyperpigmentation, varicostiies
54
what are the risk factors for PTS
-proximal DVT -recurrent DVT -prolonged symptoms -obseity -inadequate coagulation
55
what are the functions of the lymphatic system
-tissue drainage -fat transport -immune responses
56
how does lymph move
-lymphatic vessel contraction -skeletal muscle contraction compression to lymph vessels
57
what is lymphedemea
-accumulation of protein rich fluid; often in extremities -injury/blockage to lymphatic vessels -surgery, radiation, tumor -acute or chronic tx: -surgery -complete decongestive therapy -pressure garments and pumps
58
define edema
excess fluid in body tissues which is a result of abnormal leakage of fluid across capillaries from the plasma to interstitial spaces
59
define lymphedema
abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the interstitium and often accompanised by reactive fibrosis and skin changes
60
what is stage 0 of lymphedema
latent, sub clinical
61
what is stage 1 of lymphedema
spontaneously reversib le -present during day but not at night -no skin changes -pitting starts bertween stage 1 and 2
62
what is stage 2 of lymphedema
spontaneously irreversible -does not fully reduce overnight -skin hard -+ Stemmers sign, swelling
63
what is stage 3 of lymphedema
change in limb morphoolohy more advanced skin changes
64
which stages of lymphedema requires intervention
stages 2 and 3 -increased risk of cellulitis -diuretics aren't helpful
65
how is lymphedema treated
complete decongestive therapy (CDT) -manual lymph drainage -bandagin -compression -exercise -self care

Med Con II (12 decks)

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