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Clinical Integration Final > Special Topics > Flashcards

Special Topics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is anesthesia?

A

controlled, reversible state of unconsciousness

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2
Q

What is the goal of anesthesia?

A

maintenance of physiologic homeostasis, function of all systems during operation to minimize adverse outcomes

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3
Q

What is amnesia?

A

result of GA

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4
Q

What is a neuromusclar blockade?

A

allows muscle relaxation for prolonged periods of time

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5
Q

What are some advantages of GA?

A

useful for surgery, controls airways, can be used for unpredicted durations or events

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6
Q

What are 3 phases of GA?

A
  1. induction- IV meds
  2. maintenance- volatile gases- NO or TIVA total IV anesthesia
  3. emergence
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7
Q

What are characteristics of emergence stage?

A

autonomic hyper responsiveness- HTN, tachycardia, bronchospasm

can be blunted with short acting narcotics, BB or lidocaine

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8
Q

What are some complications from GA?

A

endotracheal intubation- leads to sore throat or damage to teeth

also: N/V, pain, cardiac arrhtymias, MI, CVA

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9
Q

What is neuraxial anesthesia?

A

spinal, needle inserted into L3-L4 subarachnoid space

leads to temporary numbness and muscle relaxation

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10
Q

What is SA generally used for?

A

lower extremity procedures such as THA

decreased surgical time, blood loss

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11
Q

What is epidural anesthesia?

A

type of NA, small gauge catheter into epidural space

used in combo with GA to reduce peri op stress response

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12
Q

What are complications from EA?

A

puncture headaches, spinal hematoma, epidural abcess

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13
Q

What is a nerve block?

A

commonly used when involving extremities

used in brachial plexus, sciatic, femoral

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14
Q

What is advantage of nerve block?

A

avoid hemodynamic instability associated with GA and neuromuscular blockade

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15
Q

What are local nerve block complications?

A

pain, weakness, ecchymosis, hematoma, infection, numbness , nerve laceration

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16
Q

What are systemic effects of a nerve block?

A

systemic toxicity, allergic reactions, pneumo, phrenic nerve paralysis

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17
Q

What are other types of anesthesia?

A

monitored anesthesia care- no complete LOC

conscious sedation- should be able to maintain airway integrity

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18
Q

What are pt implications for GA?

A

N/V, precautions of on going effects of anesthesia, complications, level of arousal

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19
Q

What should you watch for in response to activity after GA?

A

pain, BP/OTN, HR response, more vomiting

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20
Q

What is a thoracentesis?

A

therapeutic or diagnostic removal of pleural fluid

complication: pneumo

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21
Q

What is a thoracotomy?

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A

incision into chest, usually along intercostal, rib occasionally cut

22
Q

What are complications from thoracotomy?

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A

atelectasis, PNA, excess bleeding, infection

23
Q

What are PT implications?

Study These Flashcards
A

pulm hygeine, deep breathing, segmental, mobilization, ROM, positioning

24
Q

What are signs of lung transplant rejection?

Study These Flashcards
A

decreased SaO2 at rest, CXR showing inflammation

25
What is PT role in someone with transplant rejection?
continue pulm hygeine re evaluate activity tolerance
26
What is an anastomotic dehiscence?
sudden or increasing air leak in lungs/incision stop mobility notify team
27
What is most important for PT for lung transplant pts?
move early and often
28
What is a laparotomy?
surgical procedure to open the peritoneal space
29
What is NIH criteria for gastric bypass?
BMI of 40 or higher or BMI of 35 plus with one or more co related co morbidities
30
What are post op nutritional concerns?
weight loss of 65-80% excess weight typical
31
What is a whipple procedure?
used for severe pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer
32
What is malnutrition?
imbalance between the boys nutritional requirements and intake of these nutrients
33
What is cause of undernutrition?
inadequate intake, malabsorption, hyper metabolism, poverty/SES, elderly GI cancers
34
What is cause of over nutrition?
over eating, lack of activity, meds, endocrine dysfunction
35
What are malabsorption syndromes?
inability of small or large intestines to absorb nutrients causes: HIV (CD4 receptors), pancreatic disorders (can't break down proteins and fats), crohns surgery
36
What is normal calorie per kg intake?
30 cal/kg
37
After elective surgery?
32 cal/kg
38
After multiple traumas?
40 cal/kg
39
After sepsis?
50 cal/kg
40
after burns?
protein requirements are doubled
41
What is pulmonary cachexia?
occurs in 1/3 of pts with COPD, severe weight loss and muscle wasting resting energy is proportionally higher as severity of COPD increases usually aligns with mortality rates
42
What meds can cause overeating?
steroids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, cushing's (increased cortisol secretion from increased ACTH)
43
What is a clear liquid diet?
consists of foods that are clear and liquid, used to maintain hydration and keep colon contents to minimum good for fluids but lack carbs, fat and proteins
44
What is full liquid diet for?
used when person has difficulty chewing or swallowing
45
What is a mechanical soft diet?
consists of food the require minimal chewing
46
What is difference between TPN and PPN?
TPN= large diameter veins PPN = small diameter veins
47
What is house diet?
no restrictions
48
What is ADA diet?
diabetes, restrict calories and carbs
49
What is cardiac diet?
restricts fats and cholesterol, sodium encourage potassium may limit fluids
50
What is renal diet?
restricts proteins, sodium, potassium calcium possible fluid restriction
51
What is neutropenic diet?
no unpasteurized milk all meats cooked, packaged and no deli no unwashed fruit, veggies bottled water

Clinical Integration Final (5 decks)

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