Special topics Flashcards by Elizabeth A

Epinephrine

Agonist on sympathetic receptors
Decrease intraocular pressure
Alpha-adrenergic effects

Treats: open angle glaucoma, anaphylaxis, asthma, hypotension

S/E:
Mydriasis

Contra:
Close-angle glaucoma

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Brimonidine (Alphagan)

Works at specific sympathetic receptors

Treats: open-angle glaucoma

S/E:
Blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic reaction, ocular pruritis

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Timolol (Timoptic)

Decreases aqueous humor synthesis

Treats: glaucoma

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Betaxolol (Betoptic)

Decreases aqueous humor synthesis

Treats: glaucoma

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Carteolol (Ocupress)

Decreases aqueous humor synthesis

Treats: glaucoma

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Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Diuretic

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase

Treats: glaucoma

S/E:
Toxicity - hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, paresthesias, NH3 toxicity, Sulfa allergy

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Pilocarpine

Cholinomimetic

Increases outflow of aqueous humor, via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

Treats: glaucoma, esp. EMERGENCIES

S/E:
Miosis, contraction of ciliary muscle

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Carbachol (Carbastat, Miostat)

Cholinomimetic

Increases outflow of aqueous humor, via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

Treats: glaucoma, esp. EMERGENCIES

S/E:
Miosis, contraction of ciliary muscle

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Phyostostigmine (Bi Miotic)

Cholinomimetic

Increases outflow of aqueous humor, via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

Treats: glaucoma
S/E:
Miosis, contraction of ciliary muscle

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Echothiophate (Phospholine)

Cholinomimetic

Increases outflow of aqueous humor, via contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of trabecular meshwork

Treats: glaucoma

S/E:
Miosis, contraction of ciliary muscle

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Latanoprost (PGF-2alpha)

Prostaglandin

Increase outflow of aqueous humor

Treats: glaucoma

S/E:
Darkens color of iris (browning)

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Carbamide (Debrox)

Softens and emulsifies the wax
Treats ear wax buildup

Do NOT use if tympanic membrane is perforated

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Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) (Flumist)

Intranasally administered

Do NOT administer: immunocompromised, fever, pregnant
Give two live vaccines same day, OR separate by 4 weeks

Contra:
Pregnancy, egg allergy, asthma, immunocompromised

Interacts with antivirals

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MMR

Injection

Do NOT administer: immunocompromised, fever, pregnant
Give two live vaccines same day, OR separate by 4 weeks

S/E:
Fever 7-12 days post

Contra:
Pregnancy, immunocompromised, fever

Safe for egg allergy, breast feeding women

Interacts with IG, high dose steroids, chemo

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MMRV (Proquad)

Injection

Do NOT administer: immunocompromised, fever, pregnant
Give two live vaccines same day, OR separate by 4 weeks

S/E:
Fever >102; increased r/f febrile seizures

Contra:
Pregnancy, immunocompromised, fever

Safe for egg allergy, breast feeding women

Caution:
Febrile seizure, cerebral injury, fever

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Varicella (Varivax)

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Injection

Do NOT administer: immunocompromised, fever, pregnant
Give two live vaccines same day, OR separate by 4 weeks

S/E:
Fever, rash, site reaction

Contra:
Pregnancy, neomycin allergy, fever, immunocompromised, high dose steroids

Zoster vaccine (Zostavax)

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Reduces r/f shingles, post-herpetic neuralgia
One dose, >60 y/o

Do NOT administer: immunocompromised, fever, pregnant
Give two live vaccines same day, OR separate by 4 weeks

Contra:
Pregnancy, neomycin allergy, gelatin allergy, immunocompromised, acute illness, age <60

Interacts with high dose steroids, antivirals

DTaP and Tdap

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Injection

S/E:
Pain at injection site, low-grade fever, aches, HA

Contra:
Anaphylaxis, progressive neurological dz, fever, seizure after previous DTaP

Haemophilus B (HiB)
(ActHib, Pentacel, PedvaxHIB, Comvax)

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Injection

S/E:
Injection site pain, redness

Polio vaccine (IPV, Pediarix, Pentacel)

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Injection

Contra:
Allergy to neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B

Interacts with immunosuppressants

Hep B Vaccine (Pediarix, Twinrix, Combax)

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Injection

S/E:
Local reaction, systemic complaints of fever, malaise

Contra:
Yeast allergy, moderate to severe illness, immunosuppression

Hep A Vaccine (HAVrix, VAQTA, Twinrix)

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Injection

S/E:
Local reaction

Contra:
Severe reaction in past, moderate illness, younger than 12 months

HPV vaccine
Cervarix (Bivalent; 16, 18)
Gardisil 9 (9-valent)

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Injection

S/E:
Syncope, injection site pain, soreness, redness

Contra:
Allergic reaction

Meningococcal Vaccine (Menomune, Menactra)

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Injection

S/E:
Local reaction

Contra:
Febrile illness; age guidelines

Inactivate Flu Vaccine

Injection S/E: Local reaction, mild systemic effects Contra: Anaphylaxis to egg or flu vaccine GBS within 6 weeks of flu vaccine Fever Interacts with immunosuppressants, theophylline, phenytoin, warfarin

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (23 valence)

Prevents strep pneumoniae S/E: Local reaction, mild systemic effects Contra: Fever, spleenectomy, chemotherapy, children < 2 y/o Interacts with immunosuppressants

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Prevnar) (13 valence)

Prevents strep pneumonias S/E: Local reaction, mild systemic effects Contra: Fever, spleenectomy, chemotherapy, children < 2 y/o, adults <65 y/o unless immunocompromised

Cyclosprine (Sandimmune)

Calcineurin inhibitor, binds cyclophilin Blocks T-cell activation Prevents transplant rejection Treats psoriasis, RA S/E: Nephrotoxicity Interacts with live virus vaccines

Azothioprine (Imuran)

Antimetabolite precursor of 6-mercaptopurine Inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by blocking nucleotide synthesis Prevents transplant rejection Treats: RA, Crohn's, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune d/o

Interferon

Chemo S/E: Fever, chills, muscle aches Warning for depression, suicidal ideation

Tamoxifen

Chemo Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) S/E: Hot flashes

Special topics Flashcards

(31 cards)