Special topics. Proteins

Question 1

How many proteins are there in a bacterial cell vs human cell

Answer 1

bacteria~ 2 million

Human cell~1-3 billion

Question 2

Protein functions

Answer 2

•DNA replication
•Cell division
•Synthesis of the cell membrane
•Metabolism
•Transport of molecules
•Generating energy
•Structure
and more...

Question 3

examples of structural proteins

Answer 3

Actin, tubulin, keratin

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

A chain/polymer of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
AKA
Polypeptide

Question 5

what are short proteins (approx. less than 50 aa) called?

Answer 5

peptides
Very short peptides
can be referred to as dipeptides, tripeptides, or
tetrapeptides… (for 2,3,4 aa in length).

Question 6

What are single AA in a protein sometimes referred to as?

Answer 6

residues

Question 7

What are single AA in a protein sometimes referred to as?

Answer 7

residues

Question 8

Peptide (amide) bond formation

Answer 8

•Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis reaction

Question 9

peptide bond properties

Answer 9

Peptide bonds are “ridged” and can’t rotate due to Resonance The O-C-N-H of the Peptide bonds are essentially co-planar
Rotation can occur at the single bonds between the α-carbon and is neighboring atoms