Specialised Cells

Question 1

What are specialised cells?

Answer 1

Cells which have adapted particular structures to perform a specific function

Question 2

How are sperm+egg cells specialised?

Answer 2

They are specialised for reproduction. They are our sex cells known as genetes

Question 3

How many chromosomes are in the female dna?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

What the main function of the egg cell?

Answer 4

Main function is to carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages. So the egg cell contains huge food reserves (nutrients for the embryo)

Question 5

How many chromosomes are in the male DNA?

Answer 5

23

Question 6

What a flagellum?

Answer 6

A long tail to help with swimming

Question 7

What is acresome used for ?

Answer 7

Digestive enzymes to break down the wall of the egg

Question 8

What is the stream- liked head used for ?

Answer 8

Allows it to swim faster because there is less drag

Question 9

What the speed cell used for ?

Answer 9

The sperm cell gets male DNA to the female DNA by fertilising the egg cell

Question 10

What part of the flagellum helps the sperm cell swim to the egg?

Answer 10

It has a long tail + a stream liked head

Question 11

How are red blood cells adapted ?

Answer 11

Adapted to carry oxygen to energy cell in the blood

Question 12

Why is a red blood cell biocarncare shaped?

Answer 12

(Both sides of the cells curve inwards), which gives the red blood cell a big surface area for absorbing oxygen

Question 13

How else does the shape help the red blood cell?

Answer 13

The shape also helps the red blood cells pass smoothly along capillaries (tiny blood vessels), so they reach body cells

Question 14

How are sperm+egg cells specialised?

Answer 14

Specialised for reproduction

Question 15

Why is there lots of mitochondria in a sperm cell?

Answer 15

.lots of mitochondria
.lots of aerobic respiration
.lot of energy released to help the sperm swim

Question 16

Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?

Answer 16

So it has a greater surface area this means more space for haemoglobin for more oxygen to bind

Question 17

whats the function of neurones?

Answer 17

They carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 18

Why are muscle cells linked?

Answer 18

This allows the muscles to all contract in unison

Question 19

why is there lots of mitrochondria?

Answer 19

.lots of aerobic respiration
.lots of energy release for muscle contraction

Question 20

Why is there lots of ribosomes in the muscle cells?

Answer 20

this allows protein synthesis to occur allowing the protein filaments to be made on the cell, to slide over each other - causing muscle contraction

Question 21

what do protein filaments do?

Answer 21

They give cells of the heart and skeletal muscles a striped appearance. In smooth muscle cells, such as the circulatory system there are fewer filaments, hence much thinner and less well organised .

Question 22

How are palisade leaf cells adapted?

Answer 22

They are adapted for photosynthesis

Question 23

why are they packed with lots of chloroplasts?

Answer 23

.Lots of chloroplasts
.Lots of light energy absorbed
.Lots of photosynthesis

Question 24

why are they at the top half of the leaf?

Answer 24

To absorb more sunlight

Question 25

what do root hair cells do?

Answer 25

absorbs water, minerals and ions from the soil

Question 26

what do long hair cells do?

Answer 26

increases the surface area for greater absorption of water, minerals and ions

Question 27

How is water absorbed?

Answer 27

water is absorbed by the roots using osmosis (no external energy is needed)

Question 28

what type of transport absorbs mierals + ions?

Answer 28

active transport (required energy)

Question 29

what is the large vacoule used for ?

Answer 29

for water to move in via osmosis

Question 30

why are there no chloroplasts in root hair cells?

Answer 30

Because underground, so no light energy, so no photosynthesis occurs

Question 31

what does the xylem do?

Answer 31

transports water minerals and ions from roots to the leaves

Question 32

what do the hollow tubes do?

Answer 32

maximises surface area, to increase the amount of water, minerals and ions that can travel through the cells

Question 33

what does the "ph" in phloem mean?

Answer 33

Ph- food

Question 34

what do phloem tubes do?

Answer 34

these cells are used to transport the products of photosynthesis (glucose) from the leafs to the plants

Question 35

what are phloem cells made out of?

Answer 35

phloem cells are made from living cells

Question 36

what is translocation?

Answer 36

movement of suagrs/glucose through a plant

Question 37

how is water absorbed in a plant?

Answer 37

water will be absorbed via osmosis, mineral and ions through active transpor into the root hair cells

Question 38

what happens next when water is in the root hair cells?

Answer 38

the water, minerals and ions will then travel through the xylem up to the leaves of the plant

Question 39

what happens when the water is in the leaves?

Answer 39

some of the water is used for photosynthesis and the rest is lost from the leaves of the plant via evaporation (this is called transpiration -> loss of water from the leaves of the plant)

Question 40

whats the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 40

Carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen