Specialised cells

Question 1

Egg cell
(function)

Answer 1

The main function of an egg are to carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages

Question 2

Egg cell
(adaptions)

Answer 2

• It contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo.
• It has a haploid nucleus.
• Straight after fertilisation, its membrane changes structure to stop any more sperm getting in. This makes sure the offspring gets the right amount of DNA.

Question 3

Sperm cell

Answer 3

The function of a sperm is to transport the males DNA to the females egg

Question 4

Sperm cell (adaptations)

Answer 4

• It has a has a long tail so it can swim to the egg
• It has alot of mitochondria in the middle section to provide the energy it needs to swim
• Contains a haploid nucleus
• Has a acrsome at the front of the head where it stores enzymes needed to digest through the membrane of the egg cell

Question 5

Fertilisation

Answer 5

The egg is fertilised by a sperm cell to become a zygote (which grows into an embryo). An egg cell is much larger than a sperm cell and it is specialised to support the zygote as it grows

Question 6

Specialised cell fertilisation (adaptations)

Answer 6

• cytoplasm is packed full of nutrients that the zygote will need to grow
• cell membrane is adapted to change it’s structure once the egg is fertilised so that no more sperm can get into the egg cell
• Haploid nucleus contains half the genetic information needed for the new zygote

Question 7

Ciliated Epithelial cells

Answer 7

• Line surfaces organs
  the function of these are to move substances - the cilia beat to move substances in one direction, along the surface tissue. The cilia moves in unison (together). These cell may need lots mitochondria. For an example,They line the airways. Their function is to waft mucus (which traps harmful organisms) to the back of the throat to be swallowed.

Question 8

Red blood cell

Answer 8

They are biconcave shape with no nucleus for larger surface area to carry more oxygen around the body

Question 9

Palisade cell

In plants

Question 10

Root hair cell

In plants

Answer 10

Root hair cells are specialised (to perform a specific function). Their structure allows the plant to absorb more water. They also allow a plant to take in the minerals it needs to survive.

They have long projections to increase surface area
No chloroplast as theres no sunlight underground

Question 11

Lignin

Answer 11

Lignin is a substance that strenghens the cell wall of xylem cells

Question 12

Xylem cells

Answer 12

The xylem is specialised to transport water up the stem of a plant and into the leaves.

Xylem vessels are made up of a series of connected dead xylem cells. The end walls of the cells are brocken so it allows water to move through