Specialised Cells Flashcards
(21 cards)
Describe a Muscle Cell
long and fiberous allowing contraction and enables movement
Describe a Nervous Cell
long extensions to transmit electrical signals over distance
Describe a Red Blood Cell
disc shaped to easily pass through blood vessels and carry oxygen
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissue in your body and carries carbon dioxide (waste) back to the lungs for exhalation.
Why do neurons have long extensions called axons?
Neurons have axons because they are responsible for carrying electrical signals over long distances in the body.
How does the bioconcave shape of red blood cells benefit their function?
Gives the cell a larger SA allowing more nutrients / gas exchange and flexibility.
What is the significance of the surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio in cells?
SA:V affects the nutrients exchange and waste removal. The higher the SA:V allows for faster diffusion. Whilst as the cell gets bigger SA:V decrease. Hence why some cells and tissues having specialised structures.
What is diffusion?
Oxygen comes in for cells (nutrients) and carbon dioxide goes out (waste).
What are capillaries?
Smallest blood vessels in the body connecting arteries to veins. They have thin walls to exchange oxygen.
What is the Hemoglobin arrangement?
The Hemoglobin arangement is what helps with efficent oxygen transportation whilst maintaining flexibility.
Describe in depth how nutrients and waste moves in and out of cells.
Through the process of diffusion. Oxygen in the bloodstream enters cells with low oxygen concentration providing nutrients to the cell- inhalation. Carbon dioxide is then released into the bloodstream to be excreted as the waste product- exhalation.
Which type of tissue is responsible for contraction and movement in the body?
Muslce tissue is responsible for contractions and movement. Specialised muscle fibres contract in response to the nervous system.
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal, Cardiac Muscle and Smooth Muscle.
Voluntary movements.. are what muscle?
Skeletal muscle
Heart pumping is what muscle?
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary movements are what muscle?
Smooth muscle
What does villi in the small intestine do?
Increases SA for nutrient absorption
What is epithelial tissues job?
To protect body surfaces and lining internal organs, cavities and blood vessels.
Aveoli in the lungs helps what?
Maximise the SA for gas exchange, due to the tiny sac structure.
What does microvilli in the cells of small intestines help with?
Increasing SA for nutrients absorption, allowing gluclose, amino acids, fatty acids to be absorbed into our bloodstream.
Neuron structure…
Dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals
