Specialised cells and Differentiation/Microscopy Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is a specialised Cell?
One that performs a specific function
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
Sperm Cells
Specialised for: Reproduction
Function: To get the male DNA to the female DNA
Detail:
- Long streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
- Lots of mitochondria to provide the energy it needs to do this.
- Enzymes in the head to digest through egg cell membrane
Muscle Cells
Specialised for: contraction
Function: contract quickly
Detail:
- They are long so that they have space to contract.
- lots of mitochondria to transfer energy needed for contraction.
Root hair cell (in plants)
Specialised for: absorbing water and minerals
Function: absorb water and minerals
Details:
- grow into long hairs that stick out into the soil.
- this gives the plant big surface area for absorbing water and minerals.
Phloem and Xylem cells
Specialised for: transporting substances
Function: form phloem and xylem tubes which transport substances.
Details:
- cells are long and joined end to end to form tubes.
- Xylem cells are hollow
- Phloem cells have fewer subcellular structures
- Both do this so that substances can flow through them
Nerve Cells
Specialised for: Rapid signalling
Function: To carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another.
Details:
- long to cover more distance
- branched connections to connect to other nerve cells.
Describe the differences in the ability of plant and animal cells to differentiate.
Animal cells usually lose the ability to differentiate at an early stage, where as plant cells never lose this ability.
How would I find the Image size?
Image size = Actual size * magnification
( I AM)
What is meant by the term ‘Resolution’?
The ability to see two small, close objects as separate images.
