Specialised Cells/Tissue Types

Question 1

What are the 4 primary types of tissue?

Answer 1

• epithelial tissue
• connective tissue
• muscle tissue
• nervous tissue

Question 2

Describe: Epithelial Tissue

Answer 2

Sheets of cells that cover and line other tissues. Protect underlying tissues and act as a filter for biochemical substances.

Question 3

Define the location of: Apical Surface

Answer 3

Faces the lumen or inside of the organ/structure.

Question 4

Define the location of: Basal Surface

Answer 4

Faces the basal lamina (base layer) and blood vessels.

Question 5

What are the three cellular junctions?

Answer 5

• tight junctions
• desmosomes
• gap junctions

Question 6

What does the basement membrane prevent?

Answer 6

Prevents the cell from being torn off by intraluminal pressures.

Question 7

The basement membrane is otherwise known as what?

Answer 7

The basal lamina (base layer).

Question 8

Describe the structure of ‘simple squamous epithelium’.

Answer 8

• fragile & thin
• flat & smooth
• line surfaces for gas/liquid passage

Question 8

Describe the structure of ‘simple cuboidal epithelium’.

Answer 8

• single-layer of cube-shaped cells
• areas where secretion and absorption take place

Question 9

Describe the structure of ‘mucous membranes’ (mucosae).

Answer 9

• line organs with connections to the outside environment
• produce mucous via goblet cells

Question 10

Describe the structure of ‘serous membranes’ (serosae).

Answer 10

• line walls and cover organs of body cavities (thorax and abdominal cavities..)
• parietal layer
• visceral layer

Question 11

Describe the structure of ‘synovial membranes’.

Answer 11

• line the cavities of joints
• manufacture the synovial fluid that fills the joint spaces

Question 12

Define: Chondroblasts

Answer 12

cartilage

Question 13

Define: Osteoblast

Answer 13

bone

Question 14

Define: Adipocytes

Answer 14

store fat

Question 15

What are the six types of connective tissue?

Answer 15

• loose connective
• dense connective
• dense regular connective
• dense irregular connective
• dense elastic connective
• specialised connectie

Question 16

Define: Areolar

Answer 16

surrounds every organ

Question 17

Define: Adipose

Answer 17

energy storehouse and a thermal insulator

Question 18

Where can cartilage be found?

Answer 18

• joints
• ears
• nose
• vocal cords

Question 19

Define: Avascular

Answer 19

No blood supply

Question 20

Describe the structure of the goblet cell

Answer 20

unicellular exocrine gland. ductless, composed of modified columnar epithelial cell. found among columnar cells in the respiratory, digestive tracts and conjunctiva of the eye.

Question 21

Describe serous secretions

Answer 21

• watery
• contain a high concentration of enzymes

Question 22

Describe mucous secretions

Answer 22

• thick, viscous
• composed of glycoproteins

Question 23

What is the main function of connective tissue?

Answer 23

Supports and connects tissues throughout the body.

Question 24

What are the three main components of connective tissue & purpose?

Answer 24

- ground substance - medium in which cells exchange nutrients and waste within the bloodstream. - cells - involved in production and maintenance of the matrix. - protein fibres - collagen and elastin

Question 25

Describe the structure of 'simple columnar epithelium'.

Answer 25

- elongated and close together - found in the excretory and digestive system

Question 26

Describe the structure of 'stratified squamous epithelium'.

Answer 26

- multi-layered - mechanical and chemical stresses - protects underlying tissue

Question 27

Describe the structure of 'stratified cuboidal epithelium'.

Answer 27

- two layers of cuboidal cells - found along large excretory ducts - protects underlying tissues

Question 28

Describe the structure of 'stratified columnar epithelium'.

Answer 28

- found in select parts of the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive system, and some excretory ducts. - secretion and protection

Question 29

Describe where 'pseudostratified epithelium' is found.

Answer 29

found in the respiratory tract and in portions of the male reproductive system.

Question 30

Describe the structure of 'transitional epithelium'.

Answer 30

- stratified epithelium with a basal layer of cuboidal or columnar cells and a superficial layer of cuboidal or squamous cells. - found in areas that expand/contract.

Question 31

Describe the function of the 'glandular epithelium'.

Answer 31

manufacture and discharge a secretion

Question 32

Define: Exocrine

Answer 32

discharge secretions via ducts into local areas, unicellular/multicellular.

Question 33

Define: Endocrine

Answer 33

glands that do not have ducts/tubules and whose secretions are distributed throughout the body, multicellular.