specialised exchangee suraces

Question 1

what common features do all effective exchange surfaces have?

Answer 1

increased surface area
thin layers
good blood supply
ventilation to maintain diffusion gradient

Question 2

increased surface area helps how?

Answer 2

provides the area needed for exchange and overcomes the limitations of the SA:V ratio of larger organism .

Question 3

thin layers?

Answer 3

distances that substances have to diffuse across are short making the process fast and efficient

Question 4

good blood supply?

Answer 4

steeper the concentration gradient, the faster the diffusion takes place. having a good supply ensures substances are constantly delivered to and removed from the exchange surface. This maintains a steep concentration gradient for diffusion

Question 5

ventilation to maintain diffusion gradient

Answer 5

for gases, a ventilation sysystem helps to maintain a steep concentration gradients and keep process efficient.