species and taxonomy

Question 1

when we classify organisms, what do we do ? and what is that called ?

Answer 1

we put organisms into groups
this is called taxonomy

Question 2

what is considered when organisms are undergoing classification ?

Answer 2

the phylogeny

Question 3

what is it meant when phylogeny is used to classify animals ?

Answer 3

this is where the evolutionary relationships are used

Question 4

what are the levels called that are used to classify organisms ?

Answer 4

taxons

Question 5

how many taxons are there ?

Answer 5

8 taxons

Question 6

what does taxonomy rely on ?
what does that mean ?

Answer 6

a hierarchal system
- this is where the largest groups are at the top of the hierarchy and the smallest are at the bottom

Question 7

state the 8 taxons

Answer 7

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 8

how many domains are there in the world ?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

how many kingdoms are there in the world ?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

what is meant by a ‘species’ ?

Answer 10

a group of similar organisms that can reproduce to yeild fertile offspring
that share physiological and biochemical features
aswell as share a common ancestor

Question 11

what is the definition of species known as ?

Answer 11

the biological species concept

Question 12

what naming system does this form of taxonomy give ?

Answer 12

a binomial naming system

Question 13

how can you name humans using the binomial naming system ?

Answer 13

Homo sapiens
homo = genus name (always with a capital letter )
sapiens = species name ( underlined to show that it is italisised)
or H.sapiens

Question 14

what are the 9 ways that organisms are classified ?

Answer 14

• comparitive embryology
• vestigial organs
• biogeographical evidence
• DNA hybridisation
• DNA sequencing
• amino acid sequencing
• mRNA sequencing
• immunological technique’s

Question 15

what is meant by comparitive embryology ?

Answer 15

comparing the development of embyo’s

Question 16

what is meant by anatomical differences ?

Answer 16

physical differences

Question 17

what is meant by vestigial organs ?

Answer 17

if they both share organs that are no longer used
i.e the apendix in humans

Question 18

what is meant by biogeographical evidence ?

Answer 18

this is how species migrate over time

Question 19

what is meant by DNA hybridisation ?

Answer 19

this is where heat is used to separate DNA from 2 different sources and hybrids are formed
- the relatedness of organisms can be measured by finding the temperature that separates DNA into single strands
- this is cheap and quick

Question 20

what is meant by DNA sequencing ?

Answer 20

comparing how DNA is sequenced in both organisms
- this is very expensive and time consuming

Question 21

what is meant by amino acid sequencing ?

Answer 21

this is where the order of amino acids in a protein is sequenced
e.g haemoglobin is a protein that we share with many mammals

Question 22

what is meant by immunological differences?

Answer 22

this is where the differences in immune systems are used to show relatedness

Question 23

when did all life on Earth start and from what ?

Answer 23

all life on Earth started about 3.8 million years ago from a single common ancestor

Question 24

Currently, how many different species are the in the world ?

Answer 24

30 million different species that are all related

Question 25

what are we currently going through that is reducing the amount of species ?

Answer 25

we are currently going through an extinction event