Species and Taxonomy Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

Species:

A

Organisms are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring.

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2
Q

Binomial system:

A

first name - genus (first letter of the work upper case) and second name - species

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3
Q

Courtship behaviour

A

Individuals can, therefore, recognise members of their own species by the way they act. The ability to display a behaviour is genetically determined

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4
Q

What is the purpose of courtship behaviour?

A
  • Recognise members of their own species, identify a mate that is capable of breeding, form a pair bond, become able to breed, synchronise mating.
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5
Q

What is artificial classification?

A

Divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time. Some features may include colour, size and number of legs.

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6
Q

What is phylogenetic classification?

A

Based upon the evolutionary relationship between organisms and their ancestry, species are grouped using shared features derived from their ancestors

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7
Q

What is phylogenetic classification partly based on?

A

Homologous characteristics have similar evolutionary origins regardless of their functions in the adult of a species

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8
Q

What is a taxon?

A

Each group within a phylogenetic biological classification

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9
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

The study of these taxons and their positions in a hierarchical order, and these are known as taxonomic ranks

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10
Q

What are 3 domains?

A

Bacteria, Archaea (a group of prokaryotes) and Eukarya

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11
Q

What is the bacteria domain?

A

A group of single-celled prokaryotes.

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12
Q

What are the Archaea?

A

A group of single-celled prokaryotes that were originally classified as bacteria, which they resemble in appearance.

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13
Q

How does Archaea differ from bacteria?

A

There is no meurin in cell walls, their genes and protein synthesis more similar to euakryotes, they have more complex form of RNA polymerase

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14
Q

What is a Genetic Bottleneck?

A

A genetic bottleneck is an event that drastically reduces the size of a population, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.

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15
Q

What causes genetic bottle neck?

A

A genetic bottleneck usually occurs after:

A natural disaster (e.g. earthquake, flood, volcanic eruption)
Disease outbreaks
Human activity (e.g. overhunting, habitat destruction)

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16
Q

Why is genetic bottleneck a problem?

A

Only carries a small fraction of the original gene pool (i.e., fewer alleles)
So, there’s less genetic variation in future generation

17
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

Number of different alleles of genes in a population

18
Q

What are alleles and how do they arise?

A

● Variations of a particular gene (same locus) → different DNA base sequence
● Arise by mutation

19
Q

What is a population?

A

● A group of organisms of the same species in a particular space at a particular time
● That can (potentially) interbreed (to produce fertile offspring)

20
Q

Explain the importance of genetic diversity

A

● Enables natural selection to occur
● In certain environments, a new allele of a gene might benefit its possessor
● By resulting in a change in the polypeptide (protein) coded for that positively changes its properties
● Giving possessor a selective advantage (increased chances of survival and reproductive success)

21
Q

What is evolution?

A

● Change in allele frequency (how common an allele is) over many generations in a population
● Occurring through the process of natural selection

22
Q

Explain the principles of natural selection in the evolution of populations

A
  1. Mutation - Random gene mutations can result in [named] new alleles of a gene
  2. Advantage - In certain [named] environments, the new allele might benefit its possessor [explain why] → organism has a selective advantage
  3. Reproduction - Possessors are more likely to survive and have increased reproductive success
  4. Inheritance - Advantageous allele is inherited by members of the next generation (offspring)
  5. Allele frequency - Over many generations, [named] allele increases in frequency in the population
23
Q

Describe 3 types of adaptations

A

Natural selection results in species that are better adapted to their environment:
● Anatomical - structural / physical features that increase chance of survival
● Physiological - processes / chemical reactions that increase chance of survival
● Behavioural - ways in which an organism acts that increase chance of survival