Specific Examples of Neurotransmitters

Question 1

_________ was the first neurotransmitter to be discovered.

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

List three functions of acetylcholine

Answer 2

o It is responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles, including the muscles of the gastro-intestinal
system.
o Also linked with learning, emotion and memory
o It is also found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, and has a part in scheduling
REM (dream) sleep.

Question 3

What neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulation of muscles?

Answer 3

Acetylcholine

Question 4

What neurotransmitter has a part in scheduling REM(dream) sleep?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine

Question 5

Name two plant poisons capable of blocking the acetylcholine receptor sites of muscle cells?
Blocking of these receptor sites leads to?

Answer 5

Curare
Hemlock
Paralysis

Question 6

Name the nerve gas also involved in blocking acetylcholine receptor sites of muscle cells causing paralysis.

Answer 6

Sarin

Question 7

The well-known poison ______ works by preventing the vesicles in the axon ending from releasing acetylcholine, causing paralysis.

Answer 7

Botulin

Question 8

A botulin-derivative _____ is used by many people to temporarily eliminate wrinkles.

Answer 8

Botox

Question 9

There’s a ___% loss of acetylcholine in people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

There’s a link between acetylcholine and Alzheimer’s disease.
True/False

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Norepinephrine is usually inhibitory.
True/False

Answer 11

False. It is usually excitatory.

Question 12

_______ neurotransmitter is strongly associated with bringing our nervous system into high alert.

Answer 12

Norepinephrine

Question 13

Norepinephrine is prevalent in the ________nervous system, and it increases our _______ and our _____

Answer 13

Sympathetic
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure

Question 14

_______ tends to deplete our store of adrenalin

Answer 14

Stress

Question 15

_______ tends to increase norepinephrine

Answer 15

Exercise

Question 16

Norepinephrine is important for forming memories.
True/False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

________ work by causing the release of norepinephrine, as well as other neurotransmitters called ______ and ______

Answer 17

Amphetamines
Dopamine and Serotonin

Question 18

Our adrenal glands release norepinephrine into the blood stream, along with its close relative _______ (aka _______).

Answer 18

epinephrine (aka adrenalin)

Question 19

Another close relative of norepinephrine and epinephrine is _____

Answer 19

Dopamine

Question 20

Dopamine can be both ________ and _______ depending on the receptor sites.

Answer 20

Both excitatory and inhibitory

Question 21

Dopamine is strongly associated with _______ in the brain.

Answer 21

Reward mechanisms

Question 22

Dopamine is involved with ______
(Thanks For Meeting Blessing At Dylan’s Mansion)

Answer 22

Thought
Feeling
Motivation
Behavior
Attention
Decision Making
Movement

Question 23

Drugs like ______ , _____ , ______ , ______ , ______ increase the levels of dopamine.

Answer 23

cocaine, opium, heroin, nicotine, and alcohol

Question 24

If it feels good, _____ neurons are probably involved!

Answer 24

Dopamine

Question 25

The severe mental illness _______ has been shown to involve ______ amounts of dopamine in the ______ lobes.

Answer 25

Schizophrenia Excessive Frontal lobes

Question 26

What type of drugs are used to help schizophrenics?

Answer 26

drugs that block dopamine are used to help schizophrenics.

Question 27

Too little dopamine in the _____ areas of the brain are responsible for _____.

Answer 27

Motor Parkinson’s disease

Question 28

Parkinson’s disease which is due to too little dopamine levels in motor areas of brain involves ____

Answer 28

Uncontrollable muscle tremors

Question 29

Apart from causing the unsociability of schizophrenics, low dopamine is also related to _____

Answer 29

Social anxiety

Question 30

Full meaning of GABA

Answer 30

Gamma aminobutyric acid

Question 31

GABA is a/an _______ neurotransmitter

Answer 31

Inhibitory

Question 32

GABA acts like a ______ to the excitatory neurotransmitters that lead to ____.

Answer 32

Brake Anxiety

Question 33

People with too little GABA tend to suffer from ________ .

Answer 33

Anxiety disorders

Question 34

Drugs like ______ work by binding to the GABA receptor sites and thereby _____ the effects of GABA.

Answer 34

Valium Enhancing

Question 35

Lots of other drugs like ______ and _____ influence GABA receptors.

Answer 35

alcohol and barbiturates

Question 36

If GABA is lacking in certain parts of the brain, _____ results.

Answer 36

Epilepsy

Question 37

_______ is a relative of GABA

Answer 37

Glutamate

Question 38

Glutamate is the _________ neurotransmitter in the central nervous system - as much as _____ of all neurons in the brain - and is especially important in regards to ________

Answer 38

Most common Half Memory and Learning

Question 39

_______ is actually toxic to neurons, and an excess of this neurotransmitter kill them.

Answer 39

Glutamate

Question 40

ALS, more commonly known as _________ results from _________

Answer 40

Lou Gehrig’s disease Excessive glutamate production

Question 41

Glutamate is a/an _______ neurotransmitter

Answer 41

Excitatory

Question 42

Serotonin has been found to be intimately involved in ______ and ______

Answer 42

Emotion and mood

Question 43

Too little serotonin has been shown to lead to ______ , ______ , _______ and ______.

Answer 43

depression, problems with anger control, obsessive- compulsive disorder, and suicide.

Question 44

Too little serotonin also leads to ________ and _______, which are also associated with depression and other emotional disorders.

Answer 44

Increased appetite for carbohydrates(starchy foods) Trouble sleeping

Question 45

Serotonin has also been tied with _____ , _____ , ______ .

Answer 45

Migraines Irritable Bowel Syndrome Fibromyalgia(widespread muscle pain and tenderness often accompanied by fatigue and altered mood,memory and sleep)

Question 46

_______ is a drug that helps people with depression. What’s the mechanism of this drug?

Answer 46

Prozac Prozac and other recent drugs help people with depression by preventing the “reuptake” of serotonin by pre-synaptic neurons, so that there is more left floating around in the synapses.

Question 47

Serotonin also plays a role in _______. Hallucinogens such as _____ , _____ , ______ and ______ work by attaching to serotonin receptor sites and thereby blocking transmissions in perceptual pathways.

Answer 47

Perception LSD, mescaline, psilocybin and ecstasy

Question 48

Endorphin is short for __________

Answer 48

Endogenous morphine

Question 49

Endorphin plays a role in ____

Answer 49

Elevating mood and reducing pain

Question 50

It is structurally very similar to the ______ and has similar functions.

Answer 50

Opioids

Question 51

Examples of opioids: (hint: 3 answers)

Answer 51

opium, morphine, heroin

Question 52

Similar functions of opioids and endorphins:

Answer 52

The opioid drugs work by attaching to endorphin's receptor sites. o It is also the neurotransmitter that allows bears and other animals to hibernate. Consider: Heroin slows heart-rate, respiration, and metabolism in general - exactly what you would need to hibernate.

Question 53

Endorphin is a/an ________ neurotransmitter

Answer 53

Excitatory and inhibitory