Specific Heat Capacity Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is internal energy?
The total energy that’s stored by the particles making up a substance or system.
It is composed of potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores.
What are the components of internal energy?
Potential energy stores and kinetic energy stores.
Kinetic energy is particularly relevant in the context of temperature change.
How does heating a substance affect its internal energy?
Heating a substance transfers energy to the kinetic energy store of all the particles, increasing their internal energy.
Potential energy stores can be largely ignored in this context.
What does temperature measure?
The average internal energy of a substance.
A higher internal energy corresponds to a higher temperature.
Define specific heat capacity.
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilo of a substance by one degree Celsius.
It is a material property; different substances require different amounts of energy.
How much energy does water require to warm by 1°C?
4200 joules of energy to warm 1 kg by 1°C.
This is a specific example of specific heat capacity.
How much energy does mercury require to warm by 1°C?
139 joules of energy to warm 1 kg by 1°C.
This illustrates the difference in specific heat capacities among substances.
What is the equation relating energy, mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change?
ΔE = m × c × Δθ.
Where ΔE is the change in internal energy, m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and Δθ is the change in temperature.
How do you calculate the change in temperature using the equation?
Δθ = ΔE / (m × c).
Ensure consistent units when performing the calculation.
If 20 kilojoules of energy are transferred to 800 grams of water initially at 20°C, what is the final temperature?
Final temperature is approximately 26.0°C.
This is calculated after determining the change in temperature.
What practical considerations should be taken into account during experiments involving energy transfer?
Some of the energy would be lost to the surroundings mostly in the form of heat.
Using a lid and insulation can minimize energy loss.
True or False: Internal energy is only related to kinetic energy.
False.
Internal energy is composed of both potential and kinetic energy.
Fill in the blank: Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilo of a substance by _______.
one degree Celsius.
What does a higher internal energy indicate about a substance’s temperature?
It indicates a higher temperature.
The relationship between internal energy and temperature is direct.
