Specific Heat Capacity

Question 1

States of matter

Answer 1

• solid
• liquid
• gas
• plasma

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

A gas-like state made of charged particles (eg. ions and electrons). It has high energy. Examples are lightning, the Sun, or neon signs.

It acts like a gas

Question 3

What to not do when drawing particle diagrams?

Answer 3

Particle-sized gaps
Or writing ‘free to move’

Question 4

Gas —> Solid

Answer 4

Deposition

Question 5

Solid —> Gas

Answer 5

Sublimation

Question 6

Liquid —> Gas

Answer 6

Evaporation

Question 7

Gas —> Liquid

Answer 7

Condensation

Question 8

Solid —> Liquid

Answer 8

Melting

Question 9

Liquid —> Solid

Answer 9

Freezing

Question 10

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 10

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degree Celsius.

Question 11

Water SHC

Answer 11

Water has a very high SHC

Question 12

High SHC means…

Answer 12

A lot of energy is required to get it to a temperature. However, it can also retain energy or temperature very well

Question 13

SHC measurement

Answer 13

J/kg °C

Question 14

Water SHC

Answer 14

4200 J/kg °C

Question 15

Oil SHC

Answer 15

2000 J/kg °C

Question 16

Limestone SHC

Answer 16

910 J/kg °C

Question 17

Glass SHC

Answer 17

840 J/kg °C

Question 18

Iron SHC

Answer 18

460 J/kg °C

Question 19

Copper SHC

Answer 19

390 J/kg °C

Question 20

Copper SHC meaning

Answer 20

Copper has a low specific heat capacity, so less energy is required to input for it to get to the same end temperature when compared to another material. However, it will also lose temperature or heat much quicker.

Question 21

Change in energy formula

Answer 21

Change in energy (J) = Mass (kg) x Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg °C) x Change in Temperature (°C)

Question 22

Heat

Answer 22

Heat is the energy transferred from one object to another because of a temperature difference. It is measured in Joules (J).

Question 23

Temperature

Answer 23

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is, based on the average kinetic energy of its particles. It’s measured in degrees Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K), or Fahrenheit (°F).

Question 24

Steel SHC

Answer 24

420 J/kg °C

Question 25

Aluminium SHC

Answer 25

900 J/kg °C

Question 26

Brass SHC

Answer 26

380 J/kg °C

Question 27

Draw the SHC practical apparatus, labelled

Answer 27

N/a

Question 28

Method of the SHC practical

Answer 28

1. Measure the mass of the metal block using a mass balance, record in a table 2. Insert the thermometer and heater into the block and connect to the power supply. Do not switch off the supply yet. 3. Record the initial temperature in a table 4. Switch on the circuit 5. Heat the metal block for 10 minutes 6. Switch off the circuit and record the final temperature reached by the thermometer and the energy transferred using the joulemeter. 7. Calculate the temperature difference and use it to find the SHC of the metal block. 8. Repeat the above procedure 3 times for reliability, and calculate an average of the SHC 9. Repeat for each material

Question 29

Is the value in the SHC practical an over or under estimate?

Answer 29

An overestimate as some of the energy supplied by the power supply is lost to the surroundings, but still counted by the joulemeter, being higher than expected.

Question 30

In the SHC practical, would it be an under or over estimate?

Answer 30

It would be an overestimate, as some of the energy supplied by the power supply is lost to the surroundings, but still counted by the joulemeter, being higher than expected or an overestimate.

Question 31

Stearic acid practical (Change of State)

Answer 31

1. Collect a beaker, heatproof mat and thermometer 2. One person per group then bring the beaker to the front to collect a boiling tube of Stearic acid 3. Place the thermometer into the Stearic acid and stir, wait for the thermometer reading to settle- this will be your 0 reading 4. Start a stopwatch and measure the temperature every 30 seconds 5. Continue to stir gently (to maintain thermal equilibrium) with the thermometer, making sure you don’t remove the thermometer from the Stearic acid 6. As the Stearic acid starts to solidify, stop stirring but continue to take temp vs time readings

Question 32

What is the energy stored by particles in a system?

Answer 32

Internal energy. It is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles. Internal energy = KE + PE

Question 33

Kinetic energy of internal energy

Answer 33

Due to the motion of the particles, the hotter it is, the greater KE.

Question 34

Potential energy of internal energy

Answer 34

Due to the distance between particles, the further apart they are, the greater PE