specific immune response

Question 1

What cells perform in the specific immune response?

Answer 1

B and T lymphocytes

Question 2

how are B and T lymphocytes similar

Answer 2

-both originate from bone marrow
-both cloned by mitosis
-both can become memory cells

Question 3

how do B and T lymphocytes differ

Answer 3

T-cells:
-cell mediated immunity response
-binds to antigen on the outside of infected cell
-directed to viruses, cancer cells, transplanted tissue and APCs (inside cells)
-kills pathogen by cytotoxins

B-cells:
-humoral immunity response
-binds to antigen on surface of pathogen
-directed to bacteria and viruses in blood and tissue fluid (outside cells)
-pathogens destroyed by antibodies that enhance phagocytosis

Question 4

explain the process of specific immune response

Answer 4

1) Presentation of antigen : as macrophage APC or infected cell or pathogen in blood/ tissue fluid
2) Clonal selection: T or B cell with specific complimentary (protein structure) receptor to antigen on pathogen binds to it
3)Clonal expansion: correct T or B lymphocyte divides by mitosis
4)Differentiation: once selected, the lymphocytes can develop into a range of immune cells with different actions

Question 5

what can B -cells differentiate into?

Answer 5

-B plasma cells = make antibodies
-B memory cells = immunological memory of antigen so antibody response is faster

Question 6

what can T cells differentiate into

Answer 6

-T memory cells

-T killer / cytotoxic t cells = destroy infected host cell

-T helper cells = produce interleukins to stimulate clonal expansion in B cells

Question 7

what is cell signalling
what chemical is involved
what does target cell need to detect cell signalling molecule

Answer 7

1. communication between the cells involved in specific immune response ensures the coordinated action of a range of cells
2. cytokines

3.complementary cell surface receptor

Question 8

explain an example of a cytokine

Answer 8

interleuking produced by macrophages and t cells stimulated clonal expansion and differentiation of t and b cells

Question 9

what is autoimmune disease and an example

Answer 9

when immune system attacks a part of body (antibodies attack self antigens)

arthritis- antibodies attack membranes around the joint