specific modalities during different phases of healing

Question 1

cryotherapy function during inflammatory phase

Answer 1

reduce pain, may help decrease swelling

Question 2

compression function during inflammatory phase

Answer 2

decrease swelling

Question 3

electrical stimulation function during inflammatory phase

Answer 3

reduce pain

Question 4

in the inflammatory phase should you use ice or heat

Answer 4

ice

Question 5

in the fibroblastic phase, is it okay to use heat?

Answer 5

yes, can provide pain relief

Question 6

what kind of compression should you use in fibroblastic repair phase? what does it do?

Answer 6

intermittent
facilitate removal of injury by-products

Question 7

function of e-stim during fibroblastic repair phase

Answer 7

assist eliciting muscle contraction
pain modulation

Question 8

are deep or superficial heating modalities more effective

Answer 8

deep

Question 9

conduction

Answer 9

heat transfer from warmer object to cooler object through direct molecular interaction of objects in physical contact

Question 10

examples of conduction

Answer 10

hot pack, cold pack, paraffin, ice massage, cryo cuff

Question 11

convection

Answer 11

energy transfer by movement of air/fluid from a warmer area to a cooler area or moving past a body part

Question 12

examples of convection

Answer 12

hot/cold whirlpool, fluidotherapy

Question 13

how does vapocoolant spray work?

Answer 13

cools the skin by evaporation
*only causes changes in skin temperature

Question 14

conversion

Answer 14

heating that occurs when nonthermal energy is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat

Question 15

does conversion require direct contact?

Answer 15

no, but it does require a medium

Question 16

examples of conversion

Answer 16

ultrasound, diathermy

Question 17

radiation

Answer 17

transfer of heat from warmer object to a cooler object through the transmission of electromagnetic energy without heating an intervening medium

Question 18

cryokinetics

Answer 18

application of cold modalities in conjunction with exercise

Question 19

cryostretch

Answer 19

application of cold modalities in conjunction with stretching

Question 20

large surface area cold application decreases… (4)

Answer 20

metabolic rate, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and venous BP

Question 21

large surface area cold application increases… (5)

Answer 21

blood flow to internal organs, cardiac output, stroke volume, arterial BP, shivering

Question 22

local cold application decreases… (6)

Answer 22

blood flow
muscle strength
spasticity
muscle spasm
capillary permeability
elasticity

Question 23

local cold application increases… (4)

Answer 23

muscle strength
blood viscosity
pain threshold
joint stiffness

Question 24

what body tissue exhibits temperature change the fastest with cold/hot application? slowest?

Answer 24

skin is fastest
muscle/joints is slowest

Question 25

cold urticaria

Answer 25

erythema of the skin with wheal formation associated with severe itching due to histamine reaction

Question 26

rayneauds

Answer 26

- exaggerated vasoconstriction in response to cold or emotional stress - hyperactivation of synthetic NS

Question 27

what are some adverse effects of cryotherapy? (4)

Answer 27

unwanted vasodilation, nerve damage, frost bite, tissue death

Question 28

what are some precautions for cryotherapy? (5)

Answer 28

hypertension impaired temp sensation open wounds over superficial nerves very old/young

Question 29

what are some contraindications for cryotherapy? (6)

Answer 29

cold hypersensitivity cold intolerance cryoglobulinemia over PVD impaired temp sensation raynaud's

Question 30

what are some factors that influence response to cold therapy?

Answer 30

- temp difference between cold object and soft tissue - exposure time - thermal conductivity of area being cooled - type of cooling agent - total surface area

Question 31

cold packs description

Answer 31

casing filled with silica gel

Question 32

what temp are cold packs maintained at?

Answer 32

0-10 degrees F

Question 33

treatment time for cold packs

Answer 33

10-20 minutes

Question 34

ice pack description

Answer 34

crushed ice folded in damp towel or plastic bag with towel

Question 35

ice pack treatment time

Answer 35

10-20 minutes

Question 36

ice towels description

Answer 36

towels soaked in ice slush

Question 37

ice towels treatment time

Answer 37

10-15 minutes (but towels have to be replaced when they warm up... every 45-60 seconds)

Question 38

ice massage description

Answer 38

ice cylinder is formed by freezing water in paper cup. it is then used to massage a small area

Question 39

ice massage stages

Answer 39

cold, burning, aching, numbness

Question 40

ice massage treatment

Answer 40

5-10 minutes

Question 41

T or F: cryotherapy units can be manual or electronic

Answer 41

T

Question 42

cryotherapy temperature

Answer 42

10-25 degrees C

Question 43

T or F: cryotherapy units can be used safely for longer durations

Answer 43

T

Question 44

primary uses of vapocoolant spray

Answer 44

reduce muscle spasm, desensitize trigger points * application is followed by stretching or massage

Question 45

ice bath temp for adequate tissue cooling

Answer 45

13-18 degrees C

Question 46

what is a disadvantage of ice baths?

Answer 46

limb is in a dependent position

Question 47

general heat application increases...

Answer 47

cardiac output metabolic rate pulse rate respiratory rate vasodilation

Question 48

general heat application decreases...

Answer 48

BP muscle activity blood to internal organs blood to resting muscles stroke volume

Question 49

small surface area heat application increase...

Answer 49

Blood flow capillary permeability elasticity metabolism vasodilation edema

Question 50

small surface area heat application decreases...

Answer 50

joint stiffness muscle strength muscle spasm pain

Question 51

superficial thermotherapy can prepare patients for... (3)

Answer 51

e-stim massage passive/active exercise

Question 52

precautions for superficial thermotherapy (6)

Answer 52

cardiac insifficency edema impaired circulation impaired thermal regulation metal in treatment site open wounds

Question 53

contraindications for use of superficial thermotherapy

Answer 53

decreased circulation or sensation DVT impaired cognition tumors very young/old pts inflammation

Question 54

hot pack treatment time

Answer 54

20-30 minutes

Question 55

hot pack temperature

Answer 55

165-170 degrees F

Question 56

for irregularly shaped areas such as the hand what heating agent may be a good option?

Answer 56

paraffin bath

Question 57

contraindications for paraffin

Answer 57

allergic rash open wounds recent scars/sutures skin infection

Question 58

muscle is a good ____ of heat while adipose acts as an ______

Answer 58

conductor insulator

Question 59

viscosity

Answer 59

a liquid's resistance to flowing

Question 60

increasing heat ____ viscosity

Answer 60

decreases

Question 61

cohesion

Answer 61

tendency of water molecules to adhere to one another

Question 62

buoyancy

Answer 62

upward force of water on an immersed body or body part which is equal to the weight of the water that it displaces

Question 63

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 63

circumferential water pressure exerted on an immersed body part

Question 64

water density is proportional to _____.

Answer 64

depth the deeper you go, the more dense the water

Question 65

contrast bath

Answer 65

alternating immersion in hot and cold water *effectiveness is under scrutiny

Question 66

for contrast bath, you do warm for ____ minutes and cold for ____ minute for a total treatment time of _______

Answer 66

4 1 20-30

Question 67

what should you document with regards to modalities?

Answer 67

- patient position - vital signs (if necessary) - modality - condition, duration, location - patient response - changes in pt condition - other treatments performed with modality