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RM - Resp Conditions Profiles > Specific Pneumonias > Flashcards

Specific Pneumonias Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram ___

A

Positive

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2
Q

What is the commonest bacterial cause of pneumonia?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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3
Q

What are the 5 groups of people most at risk of strep. pneumoniae infection?

A 
Elderly
Alcoholics
Immunosuppressed
Chronic Heart Failure
Pre-existing lung conditions
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4
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

Fever (high)
Pleurisy
Herpes labialis
Prominent resp symptoms

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5
Q

The symptoms of a strep. pneumoniae infection have an ___ onset

A

Acute

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6
Q

What normally preceeds a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

Flu-like symptoms

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7
Q

What kind of sputum is associated with a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

Rust coloured sputum

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8
Q

What are the 3 antibiotics used to treat strep. pneumoniae?

A

Amoxicillin
Benzylpenicillin
Cephalosporin

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9
Q

What 2 things in blood tests are raised in a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

WCC

Inflammatory markers

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10
Q

What is most commonly seen in a strep. pneumoniae CXR?

A

Lobar consolidation

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11
Q

What pneumonia can be a complication of an influenzae infection?

A

Staphylococcal aureus

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12
Q

What 4 groups are particularly susceptible to staph. aureus pneumonia?

A

Young
Elderly
PWIDs
Patients with underlying conditions

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13
Q

What 2 conditions particularly predispose you to staph. aureus pneumonia?

A

Lymphoma

CF

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14
Q

What is the CXR description of staph. aureus pneumonia?

A

Bilateral, cavitating bronchopneumonia

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15
Q

Staph. aureus is normally M_SA, but the M_SA strain is increasing in prevalence

A

MSSA

MRSA

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16
Q

If a staph aureus pneumonia is MRSA, what is produced, and what does this cause?

A

Toxins

Necrotizing, cavitating pneumonia and bilateral inflitrates

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17
Q

What is the common antibiotic given to staph aureus pneumonia infections?

A

Flucloxicillin

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18
Q

If MRSA staph. aureus is suspected, what should be given on top of normal antibiotics?

A

Vancomycin (or rifampicin)

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19
Q

Klebsiella is gram ___

A

Negative

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20
Q

What 3 groups of people are likely to get Klebsiella?

A

Alcoholics
Elderly
Diabetics

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21
Q

What kind of sputum is characteristic of Klebsiella?

A

Red jelly sputum

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22
Q

What 2 blood bio-markers are decreased in Klebsiella infection?

A

Platlets

WCC

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23
Q

What is the classic CXR of Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Cavitating pneumonia, particularly in the upper lobes

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24
Q

What drug is Klebsiella often resistant to?

A

Amoxicillin

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25
Q

What are the 2 antibiotics given to Klebsiella?

A

Cefotazime or imipenem

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26
Q

Pseudomonas is gram __

A

Negative

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27
Q

What is the common pathogen in both bronchiectasis and CF?

A

Pseudomonas

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28
Q

What is the common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Pseudomonas

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29
Q

What 2 things are seen on a CXR of pseudomonas?

A

Cavitation and abscess formation

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30
Q

What 2 things is pseudomonas associated with?

A

Underlying conditions

Immunosuppression

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31
Q

What can be treated by penicillin, cerftazidime, meropenum or ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides?

A

Pseudomonas

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32
Q

What are the 3 atypical pneumonias?

A

Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydophila pneumoniae

33
Q

What pneumonia occurs in epidemics, every 4 years?

A

Mycoplasma

34
Q

What kind of severity does mycoplasma cause in young people?

A

Mild

35
Q

What are the 2 primary symptoms of a mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Flu-like symptoms

Dry cough

36
Q

What does a CXR of mycoplasma normally show?

A

(Reticular-nodular shadowing)

Patchy consolidation often of 1 lower lobe

37
Q

How is mycoplasma diagnosed?

A

Serology - PCR of IgM or IgG

38
Q

What should be tested for if mycoplasma pneumonia is suspected?

A

WCC - haemolytic anaemia

39
Q

What are the 5 common complications of mycoplasma?

A 
Hepatitis
Guillian-Barre syndrome
Haemolytic anaemia
Erythema Multiforme
Miningoencephalitis
40
Q

WHat are the 3 antibiotics you can use for mycoplasma?

A

Clarithromycin
Tetracycline
Fluroquinolone

41
Q

What pneumonia is linked with aircon and hot water systems?

A

Legionellas

42
Q

What 3 groups of people is legionella common in?

A

Smokers
Males
Young people with no co-morbities

43
Q

What type of cell does legionella invade?

A

Alveolar macrophages

44
Q

What 3 symptoms are common with legionella?

A

Flu-like symptoms
Diarrhoea
Confusion

45
Q

What kind of cough is associated with legionella?

A

Dry

46
Q

What are the 4 quite serious symptoms that are associated with a legionella infection?

A

Anorexia
Hepatitis
Renal failure
Coma

47
Q

In severe cases of legionella, what is fundamental to ensuring a good outcome?

A

Early intensive care

48
Q

What does a CXR of legionella show?

A

Bi-basal consolidation

49
Q

What 3 things can be abnormal in bloods of legionella

A

Lymphopenia
Deranged LFTs
Increased creatine

50
Q

How is legionella diagnosed?

A

Legionella serology/urine antigen

51
Q

What is the key antibiotic treatment for Legionella?

A

Levofloxacin

52
Q

What is the mortality associated with legionella?

A

10%

53
Q

How is chlamydophila pneumoniae spread?

A

Person to person

54
Q

What is the most common chlamydophila infection?

A

chlamydophila pneumoniae

55
Q

What 3 things commonly preceed a chlamydophila pneumonia?

A

Otitis (ear infection)
Pharyngitis
Hoarseness

56
Q

How is chlamydophila pneumoniae diagnosed?

A

Chlamydia serology

57
Q

What are the 2 antibiotic treatments for a chlamydia infection?

A

Tetracycline

Clarythromycin

58
Q

What pneumonia is associated with birds/pets?

A

chlamydophila psittacosis

59
Q

What kind of illness does chlamydophila psittacosis cause?

A

Mild

60
Q

What pneumonia infection can cause headache, fever, dry cough, lethargy, anorexia and D&V?

A

chlamydophila psittacosis

61
Q

What does a CXR of chlamydophila psittacosis show?

A

Patchy consolidation

62
Q

What is the most common viral cause of pneumonia?

A

Influenza

63
Q

What are the 3 rarer causes of viral pneumonia?

A

Measles
CMV
Varicella zoster

64
Q

How is viral pneumonia diagnosed? (2)

A

Viral culture

PCR

65
Q

What kind of effect does Varicella have on the lungs?

A

Pneumonitis - leaves small nodules that can have Ca2+

66
Q

What are the 3 key symptoms of an influenza pneumonia?

A

Fever
Malaise
Myalgia

67
Q

What are the 2 main treatments for viral pneumonia?

A

Ciprofloxacin
and
Co-amxoliclav

68
Q

What only causes pneumonia in the immunosuppressed?

A 
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
(caused by pneumocystis jiroveci)
69
Q

What is the result of a PCP lung trans-bronchial biopsy?

A

Silver stainings on washing

70
Q

What type of pneumonia is common in nursery workers?

A

Haemophilus influenza

71
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Dry cough
SOB
Fever
Absence of chest signs

72
Q

What can be seen on a pneumocystis pneumonia CXR?

A

Normal

Bilateral perihilar interstitial shadowing

73
Q

What 4 things are very rarely seen in patients with chlamydiophilia psittaci?

A

Infective endocarditis
Hepatitis
Rash
Splenomegaly

74
Q

How is pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosed?

A

Lung biopsy

75
Q

What is a common complication of pneumocystitis pneumonia?

A

Pneumothorax

76
Q

What is the normal antibiotic treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

High dose co-trimoxazole

77
Q

What antibiotic is given if pneumocystis pneumonia is very severe?

A

Pentamidine

78
Q

When are steroids useful in pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

In severe hypoxaemia

RM - Resp Conditions Profiles (8 decks)

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