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RM - Resp Conditions Profiles > Specific Pneumonias > Flashcards

Specific Pneumonias Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram ___

A

Positive

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2
Q

What is the commonest bacterial cause of pneumonia?

A

Strep. pneumoniae

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3
Q

What are the 5 groups of people most at risk of strep. pneumoniae infection?

A 
Elderly
Alcoholics
Immunosuppressed
Chronic Heart Failure
Pre-existing lung conditions
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4
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

Fever (high)
Pleurisy
Herpes labialis
Prominent resp symptoms

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5
Q

The symptoms of a strep. pneumoniae infection have an ___ onset

A

Acute

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6
Q

What normally preceeds a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

Flu-like symptoms

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7
Q

What kind of sputum is associated with a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

Rust coloured sputum

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8
Q

What are the 3 antibiotics used to treat strep. pneumoniae?

A

Amoxicillin
Benzylpenicillin
Cephalosporin

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9
Q

What 2 things in blood tests are raised in a strep. pneumoniae infection?

A

WCC

Inflammatory markers

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10
Q

What is most commonly seen in a strep. pneumoniae CXR?

A

Lobar consolidation

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11
Q

What pneumonia can be a complication of an influenzae infection?

A

Staphylococcal aureus

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12
Q

What 4 groups are particularly susceptible to staph. aureus pneumonia?

A

Young
Elderly
PWIDs
Patients with underlying conditions

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13
Q

What 2 conditions particularly predispose you to staph. aureus pneumonia?

A

Lymphoma

CF

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14
Q

What is the CXR description of staph. aureus pneumonia?

A

Bilateral, cavitating bronchopneumonia

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15
Q

Staph. aureus is normally M_SA, but the M_SA strain is increasing in prevalence

A

MSSA

MRSA

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16
Q

If a staph aureus pneumonia is MRSA, what is produced, and what does this cause?

A

Toxins

Necrotizing, cavitating pneumonia and bilateral inflitrates

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17
Q

What is the common antibiotic given to staph aureus pneumonia infections?

A

Flucloxicillin

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18
Q

If MRSA staph. aureus is suspected, what should be given on top of normal antibiotics?

A

Vancomycin (or rifampicin)

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19
Q

Klebsiella is gram ___

A

Negative

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20
Q

What 3 groups of people are likely to get Klebsiella?

A

Alcoholics
Elderly
Diabetics

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21
Q

What kind of sputum is characteristic of Klebsiella?

A

Red jelly sputum

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22
Q

What 2 blood bio-markers are decreased in Klebsiella infection?

A

Platlets

WCC

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23
Q

What is the classic CXR of Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Cavitating pneumonia, particularly in the upper lobes

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24
Q

What drug is Klebsiella often resistant to?

A

Amoxicillin

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25
What are the 2 antibiotics given to Klebsiella?
Cefotazime or imipenem
26
Pseudomonas is gram __
Negative
27
What is the common pathogen in both bronchiectasis and CF?
Pseudomonas
28
What is the common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?
Pseudomonas
29
What 2 things are seen on a CXR of pseudomonas?
Cavitation and abscess formation
30
What 2 things is pseudomonas associated with?
Underlying conditions | Immunosuppression
31
What can be treated by penicillin, cerftazidime, meropenum or ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides?
Pseudomonas
32
What are the 3 atypical pneumonias?
Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydophila pneumoniae
33
What pneumonia occurs in epidemics, every 4 years?
Mycoplasma
34
What kind of severity does mycoplasma cause in young people?
Mild
35
What are the 2 primary symptoms of a mycoplasma pneumonia?
Flu-like symptoms | Dry cough
36
What does a CXR of mycoplasma normally show?
(Reticular-nodular shadowing) | Patchy consolidation often of 1 lower lobe
37
How is mycoplasma diagnosed?
Serology - PCR of IgM or IgG
38
What should be tested for if mycoplasma pneumonia is suspected?
WCC - haemolytic anaemia
39
What are the 5 common complications of mycoplasma?
``` Hepatitis Guillian-Barre syndrome Haemolytic anaemia Erythema Multiforme Miningoencephalitis ```
40
WHat are the 3 antibiotics you can use for mycoplasma?
Clarithromycin Tetracycline Fluroquinolone
41
What pneumonia is linked with aircon and hot water systems?
Legionellas
42
What 3 groups of people is legionella common in?
Smokers Males Young people with no co-morbities
43
What type of cell does legionella invade?
Alveolar macrophages
44
What 3 symptoms are common with legionella?
Flu-like symptoms Diarrhoea Confusion
45
What kind of cough is associated with legionella?
Dry
46
What are the 4 quite serious symptoms that are associated with a legionella infection?
Anorexia Hepatitis Renal failure Coma
47
In severe cases of legionella, what is fundamental to ensuring a good outcome?
Early intensive care
48
What does a CXR of legionella show?
Bi-basal consolidation
49
What 3 things can be abnormal in bloods of legionella
Lymphopenia Deranged LFTs Increased creatine
50
How is legionella diagnosed?
Legionella serology/urine antigen
51
What is the key antibiotic treatment for Legionella?
Levofloxacin
52
What is the mortality associated with legionella?
10%
53
How is chlamydophila pneumoniae spread?
Person to person
54
What is the most common chlamydophila infection?
chlamydophila pneumoniae
55
What 3 things commonly preceed a chlamydophila pneumonia?
Otitis (ear infection) Pharyngitis Hoarseness
56
How is chlamydophila pneumoniae diagnosed?
Chlamydia serology
57
What are the 2 antibiotic treatments for a chlamydia infection?
Tetracycline | Clarythromycin
58
What pneumonia is associated with birds/pets?
chlamydophila psittacosis
59
What kind of illness does chlamydophila psittacosis cause?
Mild
60
What pneumonia infection can cause headache, fever, dry cough, lethargy, anorexia and D&V?
chlamydophila psittacosis
61
What does a CXR of chlamydophila psittacosis show?
Patchy consolidation
62
What is the most common viral cause of pneumonia?
Influenza
63
What are the 3 rarer causes of viral pneumonia?
Measles CMV Varicella zoster
64
How is viral pneumonia diagnosed? (2)
Viral culture | PCR
65
What kind of effect does Varicella have on the lungs?
Pneumonitis - leaves small nodules that can have Ca2+
66
What are the 3 key symptoms of an influenza pneumonia?
Fever Malaise Myalgia
67
What are the 2 main treatments for viral pneumonia?
Ciprofloxacin and Co-amxoliclav
68
What only causes pneumonia in the immunosuppressed?
``` Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (caused by pneumocystis jiroveci) ```
69
What is the result of a PCP lung trans-bronchial biopsy?
Silver stainings on washing
70
What type of pneumonia is common in nursery workers?
Haemophilus influenza
71
What are the 4 symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia?
Dry cough SOB Fever Absence of chest signs
72
What can be seen on a pneumocystis pneumonia CXR?
Normal | Bilateral perihilar interstitial shadowing
73
What 4 things are very rarely seen in patients with chlamydiophilia psittaci?
Infective endocarditis Hepatitis Rash Splenomegaly
74
How is pneumocystis pneumonia diagnosed?
Lung biopsy
75
What is a common complication of pneumocystitis pneumonia?
Pneumothorax
76
What is the normal antibiotic treatment for pneumocystis pneumonia?
High dose co-trimoxazole
77
What antibiotic is given if pneumocystis pneumonia is very severe?
Pentamidine
78
When are steroids useful in pneumocystis pneumonia?
In severe hypoxaemia

RM - Resp Conditions Profiles (8 decks)

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