specimen collection

Question 1

What are the whole blood

Answer 1

Formed elements and plasma

Question 2

What are the formed elements

Answer 2

red blood cell
white blood cell
platelets

Question 3

what is plasma

Answer 3

• Liquid portion of unclotted
  blood
• With anticoagulant
• Contains albumin, globulin and
  fibrinogen

Question 4

What is serum

Answer 4

• Liquid portion of clotted blood
• Without anticoagulant
• Contains albumin and globulin

Question 5

What are the advantage of ETS

Answer 5

• eliminating the need for
  transfer of specimens a
• minimizing the
  risk of biohazard exposure

Question 6

Evacuated system tube inclusion

Answer 6

• Double-pointed needle
• Needle holder
• Color-coded evacuated tubes

Question 7

refers to the diameter
of the needle bore

Answer 7

needle gauge

Question 8

Needle parts of ETS

Answer 8

• point
• bevel
• shaft
• hub
• stopper-puncturing end
• sleeve / rubber sleeve
• point

Question 9

Needle parts of syringe

Answer 9

• point
• bevel
• shaft
• hub

Question 10

made of rigid plastic and may be designed to act as a safety shield for the used needle.

Answer 10

needle holder

Question 11

Who directed that holders must be discarded with the used needle.

Answer 11

OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 12

To protect phlebotomists from
accidental needlesticks by
contaminated needle

Answer 12

NEEDLE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

Question 13

characteristics of needle disposal

Answer 13

Rigid
puncture-resistant
leak-proof disposable “sharps”
containers labeled BIOHAZARD

Question 14

also known as Vacutainers

Answer 14

evacuated tubes

Question 15

also known as Vacutainers made of

Answer 15

glass or plastics

Question 16

Contain a premeasured amount of vacuum
for blood collection

Answer 16

evacuated tube

Question 17

Amount of blood in evacuated tube ranges from

Answer 17

1.8-15 mL

Question 18

Routinely used for venipuncture

Answer 18

syringe

Question 19

volume of syringe ranges from

Answer 19

2-20 mL

Question 20

For drawing blood from patients with
small or fragile veins.

Answer 20

venipuncture

Question 21

Parts of syringe

Answer 21

plunger
barrel
plain tip
needle hub
needle
bevel
shaft
point

Question 22

for performing venipuncture from
very small or very fragile veins
often seen in children and in the
geriatric population

Answer 22

winged blood collection set or butterfly needle

Question 23

Venipuncture Equipments:

Answer 23

• Tourniquets
• Vein locating devices
• 70% isopropyl alcohol, iodine
  swabs
• 2x2 inch gauze pads
• Bandage or adhesive tape
• Phlebotomy collection tray
• Slides
• Antimicrobial hand gel
• Marking pen

Question 24

This can be
worn under latex gloves for
persons that develop an
allergic dermatitis to gloves

Answer 24

Cotton gloves liner

Question 25

Types of gloves

Answer 25

- powdered - powdered free - latex - non-latex (vinyl, nitrile, neoprene, polyethylene)

Question 26

locate veins that are not easily visible

Answer 26

vein location device

Question 27

example of vein locating device

Answer 27

- Venescope II - Neonatal Transilluminator

Question 28

Requisition is via

Answer 28

- thru phone - doctor's requisition

Question 29

Greeting the patient

Answer 29

- sleeping patient - unconscious patient - psychiatric unit - unavailable patient - physician, clergy, visitor

Question 30

information to identify the patient in requisition form

Answer 30

- Patient’s name, age and gender - Patient’s date of birth - Patient’s location - Ordering health-care provider’s name - Tests requested - Requested date and time of sample collection

Question 31

The most important procedure in phlebotomy

Answer 31

Patient Identification

Question 32

Ideal time

Answer 32

basal state

Question 33

Positioning the Patient

Answer 33

supine or sitting upright position

Question 34

Position of the Phlebotomist

Answer 34

remains in the standing position

Question 35

Tourniquet application

Answer 35

1 minute to avoid hemoconcentration

Question 36

- The preferred site for venipuncture and is located anterior and below the bend of the elbow.

Answer 36

Antecubital fossa

Question 37

vein of choice because it is large and does not tend to move when the needle is inserted

Answer 37

Median cubital vein-

Question 38

the least firmly anchored

Answer 38

Basilic vein

Question 39

usually more difficult to locate, except possibly in larger patients, and has more tendencies to move.

Answer 39

Cephalic vein

Question 40

has a tendency to “roll” and hematoma formation is more likely to occur.

Answer 40

Basilic vein

Question 41

Arrangement of veins in the antecubital fossa

Answer 41

H-shaped pattern M-shaped patternm

Question 42

H shaped pattern includes

Answer 42

- includes the cephalic, median cubital, and basilic veins in a pattern that looks like a slanted H

Question 43

M shaped pattern includes

Answer 43

Includes the cephalic, median cephalic, median basilic, and basilic veins

Question 44

Areas to Be Avoided

Answer 44

* Damaged Vein * Hematoma * Edema * Burns, Scars and Tattoos * Mastectomy * Obesity * IV Therapy * Heparin and Saline Locks * Cannulas and Fistulas

Question 45

Cleansing the site

Answer 45

Cleansing is performed with a circular motion, starting at the inside of the venipuncture site and working outward in widening concentric circles about 2 to 3 inches.

Question 46

Anchoring the Vein

Answer 46

-Place the thumb 1 or 2 inches below and slightly to the left of the insertion site and the four fingers on the back of the arm and pull the skin taut.

Question 47

Labeling the tubes

Answer 47

- Patient’s name and identification number - Age and Gender of the Patient - Date and time of collection - Phlebotomist’s initials

Question 48

After Care of Patient

Answer 48

* Bandaging the patient’s arm * Compartment Syndrome * Accidental Arterial Puncture * Allergy to Adhesives * Infection

Question 49

Reasons for sample rejection:

Answer 49

* Unlabeled or mislabeled samples * Inadequate volume * Collection in the wrong tube * Hemolysis * Lipemia * Clotted blood in an anticoagulant tube * Improper handling during transport, such as not chilling the sample * Samples without a requisition form * Contaminated sample containers * Delays in processing the sample * Use of outdated blood collection tubes

Question 50

Never draw out the needle without removing first the tourniquet to avoid

Answer 50

hematoma