SPED 3010 Midterm

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

The lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

The lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

Question 3

Asymmetrical

Answer 3

Lack of correspondence in shape, size, and position of the body parts (ex: one arm bends while other one straighten)

Question 4

Ataxia

Answer 4

Atypical muscle contraction resulting in uncoordinated movements

Question 5

Athetosis

Answer 5

Muscle tone that fluctuate between high and low, making movements imprecise and uncontrolled

Question 6

Bilateral

Answer 6

Pertainingnto or affecting both sides of the body

Question 7

Distal

Answer 7

Point farthest from the central part of the body, the trunk

Question 8

Extension

Answer 8

Straightening a body part

Question 9

External Rotation

Answer 9

Turning a limb outward, away from the midline of the body

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

Bending a body part

Question 11

Hypertonia or Spasticity

Answer 11

Muscle tone that is higher than expected and joints are stiff and inflexible

Question 12

Hypotonia

Answer 12

Muscle tone that is lower than expected and joints are overly flexible

Question 13

Internal Rotation

Answer 13

Turning a limb toward the midline of the body

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

Pertaining to or relating to the side

Question 15

Medial

Answer 15

Pertaining to or relating to the middle

Question 16

Obligatory

Answer 16

Having to occur, as seen in atypical motor development when primitive reflexes cannot be overcome

Question 17

Prone

Answer 17

Lying on the stomach

Question 18

Proximal

Answer 18

Point closest to the center of the trunk

Question 19

Reaction (or Postural Reaction)

Answer 19

Subconscious movement that uses visual, vestibular, tactile, and proprioceptive information to establish the normal relationship of the body in space

Question 20

Reflex

Answer 20

Movement performed involuntary in response to a stimulus

Question 21

Supine

Answer 21

Lying on back

Question 22

Symmetrical

Answer 22

Correspondence in shape, size, and position of the body parts on both sides of the body

Question 23

Trunk Rotation

Answer 23

Process of turning or twisting the body; movement takes place between the shoulders and hips

Question 24

7 functional effects of a person with a disability

Answer 24

Atypical Movement- not normal movement (delayed, different, or no movement at all)
Sensory Loss- visual/hearing impairment
Communication Impairments- hard to understand or no speech at all. Difficulty interpreting
Fatigue and lack of endurance- not much stamina
Health Factors- side affects from medicine, pain discomfort
Experiential Deficits- not use to going to certain locations and have wrong concepts of things
Cognitive impairments and processing issues- Affects a persons attention, memory, processing information, and ability to learn.

Question 25

Symbolic Communication

Answer 25

communicating using specific symbols that represent an object or thought. (Sign language and pictures)

Question 26

Nonsymbolic Communication

Answer 26

communicating using atypical movements, gestures or sounds. (facial expressions and vocalizations)

Question 27

Define Cerebral Palsy

Answer 27

It is a group of disorders that do not progress and are characterized by impaired voluntary movement or posture either from a brain injury or a brain defect that either happened before birth, during, or the first few years of life. A static lesion of the immature brain that causes a permanent motor impairment. Brain lesion does not progress Symptoms may get worse.

Question 28

What are some adaptations, accommodations, and modifications hat may need to put in place for a student with spinal cord injury and spina bifida?

Answer 28

Assistive technology Braces, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs Breaks or extra time to go to the restroom Walk only short distances places, wheelchair for longer distances Augumenitive communication device may need to be present Instruction on daily living skills (mobility, transferring to a chair, toilet, special feeding devices, adapted toiletry items) Push-pull stick for putting on clothes

Question 29

What is the relationship between primary motor cortexes and spastic cerebral palsy?

Answer 29

Damage to the pyramid system results in increased muscle tone to the part of the body corresponding to the place of the damaged neurons on the primary motor cortexes. If motor complex on the left side of the brain is damaged, there would be spasticity on the right side of the body.