Speech

Question 1

Standardized Mental Status Exam

Answer 1

-not sufficient for diagnosis in absence of other info

Question 2

Amnesia

Answer 2

-impaired recent memory, with deficient new learning

Question 3

Aphasia

Answer 3

-an acquired disorder of language caused by brain damage

Question 4

Apraxia

Answer 4

-impairment of learned movement

Question 5

Agnosia

Answer 5

-impaired visual, auditory, or tactile recognition

Question 6

Disarthria

Answer 6

-disorder of speech due to motor system involvement

Question 7

Dysphonia

Answer 7

-disorder of voice related to laryngeal disease

Question 8

Cerebral Dominace

Answer 8

• 99% of dextrals (right handers) are left dominant for language
• 67% of left handers are ALSO left dominant for language
• ambidextrous people may have mixed language dominance

Question 9

Aphasia Examination

Answer 9

Spontaneous Speech- nonfluency is characterized by labored, effortful speech and

Question 10

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 10

• spontaneous speech: nonfluent
• comprehension: good
• repetition: poor
• naming: poor
• characterized by nonfluent, effortful speech with relatively preserved auditory comprehension
• speech is telegraphic and agrammatic

Question 11

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 11

-responsible for auditory comprehension

Question 12

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 12

• spontaneous speech: fluent
• comprehension: poor
• repetition: poor
• naming: poor
• characterized by fluent, paraphasic speech with poor auditory comprehension
• speech may be very rapid (logorrhea)

Question 13

Paraphasias

Answer 13

1. literal (pipe becomes hike)
2. verbal (wife becomes mother)
3. neologism (new and meaningless word)

Question 14

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 14

• spontaneous speech: fluent
• comprehension: good
• repetition: poor
• naming: poor
• involves damage to arcuate fasciculus
• repetition deficit is salient feature

Question 15

Global Aphasia

Answer 15

• spontaneous speech: nonfluent
• comprehension: poor
• repetition: poor
• naming: poor
• destruction of the entire perisylvian language zone
• no language function

Question 16

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

Answer 16

-resembles Broca’s aphasia but the primary deficit is in speech initiation

Question 17

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Answer 17

-resembles Wernicke’s aphasia but auditory comprehension may be less affected

Question 18

Anomic Aphasia

Answer 18

-the salient deficit is in naming

Question 19

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia

Answer 19

• the only function left is repetition

- echolalia

Question 20

Alexia

Answer 20

-acquired disorder of reading

Question 21

Agraphia

Answer 21

-acquired disorder of writing

Question 22

Right Hemisphere Contributions to Language

Answer 22

• automatic speech (ex. expletives)
• prosody
• music
• humor
• metaphor
• recovery (in case of damage to left brain)

Question 23

Localization of Nouns

Answer 23

-left anterior and middle temporal lobe

Question 24

Localization of Verbs

Answer 24

-left frontal lobe

Question 25

Aphasia in Frontotemporal Lobal Degeneration (Primary Progressive Aphasia)

Answer 25

- progressive nonfluent aphasia - resembles Broca's aphasia - semantic dementia also - logopenic progressive aphasia

Question 26

Aphasia Treatment

Answer 26

- tx causative lesion - most functional involvement occurs in first year - no drug therapy has yet proven effective