Speech Acoustics & Auditory Perception

Question 1

The study of sound.

Answer 1

Acoustics

Question 2

It is the vibrations that we can hear.

Answer 2

Sound

Question 3

It is an audible disturbance in a medium causes by a vibrating source.

Answer 3

Sound

Question 4

This is also known as pure tones, which maintains a single frequency.

Answer 4

Simple sounds

Question 5

This is the region with increased pressure in a sound wave.

Answer 5

Compression

Question 6

It is the area of decreased pressure where particles are father apart in a sound wave.

Answer 6

Rarefaction

Question 7

The relationship of elasticity and inertia.

Answer 7

inversely proportional

Question 8

The property that causes a medium to bounce back when stretched or displaced.

Answer 8

elasticity

Question 9

The tendency for motion or the lack of it to continue.

Answer 9

inertia

Question 10

The decrease in amplitude over time.

Answer 10

damping

Question 11

True or False. Sounds move in one direction in a free air.

Answer 11

False. It moves in all directions.

Question 12

This phenomenon explains why the sound of an ambulance gets perceived as high pitch when near, and low pitch when far.

Answer 12

Doppler Effect

Question 13

In a waveform, the intensity is represented through _____ in the _______ axis.

Answer 13

y, vertical axis

Question 14

In a waveform, the time is represented through _____ along the ______ or horizontal axis.

Answer 14

x, abscissa

Question 15

It refers to the number of cycles in a second, measured in Hertz (Hz).

Answer 15

frequency

Question 16

It is the perception of highness or lowness of the sounds.

Answer 16

pitch

Question 17

The relationship of frequency and pitch is direct, that is, as frequency increases, perceived pitch is higher in all levels. True or False.

Answer 17

False. There comes a time when more changes in frequency is needed to perceive a higher pitch.

Question 18

It is the power of the acoustic signal per unit area, correlated with out perception of loudness.

Answer 18

intensity

Question 19

True or False. Frequency may affect the loudness of sounds.

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

The resulting product of 2 distinct sine waves.

Answer 20

complex tone

Question 21

The two types of complex sounds and their prominent feature.

Answer 21

periodic: harmonically related, whole number multiplies of lowest frequencies
aperiodic: not harmonically related, no fundamental frequencies nor harmonics

Question 22

The graph representations in line spectra.

Answer 22

vertical axis - amplitude
horizontal axis - frequency

Question 23

It breaks down complex tones into component waves.

Answer 23

Fourier Analysis

Question 24

It is the distance between consecutive identical parts of a wave.

Answer 24

wavelength

Question 25

Shows the visual representations of frequency components of sounds over time.

Answer 25

spectrograms

Question 26

In the source filter theory, which is identified as the source of speech sounds?

Answer 26

vibration of the larynx

Question 27

In the source filter theory, which is identified as the filter that modifies the sound?

Answer 27

vocal tract

Question 28

The acoustic cue that is correlated with vocal pitch.

Answer 28

fundamental frequency

Question 29

Fundamental frequency of male and female.

Answer 29

125 Hz, 250 Hz

Question 30

What are the structures involved in the vocal tract that produces the resonance?

Answer 30

jaw tongue lips nasal cavity

Question 31

The enhanced harmonics of the fundamental frequency.

Answer 31

formants

Question 32

Formants are affected by the vocal tract resonance. Identify the structure/s that affect the following: F1, F2, and F3

Answer 32

F1: jaw movement F2: tongue movement F3: tongue tip movement

Question 33

The relationship of the jaw movement and first formant.

Answer 33

lower jaw, higher F1 higher jaw, lower F1

Question 34

The relationship of the tongue movement and second formant.

Answer 34

anterior tongue, higher F2 posterior tongue, lower F2

Question 35

True or False. When producing diphthongs, the formants remain the same for each speech sound involved.

Answer 35

False. There is a shift in formants or energy concentration due to the shift in location and jaw opening.

Question 36

Discrimination of speech sounds is dependent on the ability to access formant levels. If one has access to F2, what vowels can an individual discriminate?

Answer 36

discriminate front vs back vowels

Question 37

Discrimination of speech sounds is dependent on the ability to access formant levels. If one has access to F1, what can and individual exhibit in terms of auditory skills?

Answer 37

detection and discrimination of high vs low vowels

Question 38

The consonants are described using three characteristics. What are these?

Answer 38

placement, manner, and voice

Question 39

Enumerate the bilabial sounds.

Answer 39

p, b, m

Question 40

Enumerate the labiodental sounds.

Answer 40

f, v

Question 41

Enumerate the alveolar sounds.

Answer 41

t, d, s, z, n, l

Question 42

Enumerate the velar sounds.

Answer 42

k, g, ŋ

Question 43

Enumerate the glottal sounds.

Answer 43

ʔ, h

Question 44

Enumerate the interdental sounds.

Answer 44

θ, ð

Question 45

The acoustic characteristics of consonants identified under its manner.

Answer 45

frequency and timing

Question 46

The acoustic characteristics of consonants identified under placement of articulation.

Answer 46

frequency (F2)

Question 47

The acoustic characteristics of consonants identified under its voicing.

Answer 47

fundamental frequency and voice onset time

Question 48

Enumerate the stop or plosive sounds.

Answer 48

p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ

Question 49

Enumerate the fricative sounds.

Answer 49

f, v, s, z, θ, ð, ʃ, ʒ

Question 50

Enumerate the palatal sounds.

Answer 50

r, j, ʃ, tʃ, ʒ, dʒ

Question 51

Enumerate the affricates.

Answer 51

dʒ, tʃ

Question 52

Enumerate the nasals.

Answer 52

m, n, ŋ

Question 53

Enumerate the liquids.

Answer 53

l, r

Question 54

The speech sound identified as a semi-vowel.

Answer 54

w

Question 55

The measurement of loudness is _________.

Answer 55

Decibel or dB

Question 56

The differences in pressure between the sound and its environment's air pressure.

Answer 56

dB SPL (sound pressure level)

Question 57

The pressure of sound relative to the quietest sounds that a young healthy individual can hear.

Answer 57

dB HL (hearing level)

Question 58

This refers to the quality of sound source from the other when they have the same loudness, pitch, and duration.

Answer 58

timbre

Question 59

It is knowing where sounds come from, which help understand the environment and guide actions.

Answer 59

sound localization

Question 60

It is the angle of sound source on the horizontal place.

Answer 60

Azimuth

Question 61

It is the angle of the sound source on the vertical plane.

Answer 61

Elevation

Question 62

It refers to how far the sound source is from the listener.

Answer 62

Distance

Question 63

This is the area wherein a signal is attenuated because of the partial blocking by the head.

Answer 63

acoustic shadow

Question 64

The difference in time when the sound reaches one ear vs the other.

Answer 64

interaural time difference

Question 65

The difference in sound pressure level of the sound reaching the two ears.

Answer 65

interaural level difference

Question 66

The acoustic process useful for bats, dolphins, and whales to locate and identify a target.

Answer 66

echolocation

Question 67

This is the phenomenon that gives auditory illusion causing perception of sound source to be toward the visual stimuli.

Answer 67

ventriloquism effect

Question 68

The process that takes place when a person reading inside the mall distinguishes the different sounds around.

Answer 68

auditory scene analysis

Question 69

The group of sequential or simultaneous sounds coming from a single sound source.

Answer 69

auditory stream

Question 70

The summation of the different sounds or stream a person hears inside the mall.

Answer 70

auditory scene

Question 71

Berger identified considerations when conducting auditory scene analysis. Enumerate these considerations (6).

Answer 71

onset time location similarity in timbre and pitch proximity in time auditory continuity experience

Question 72

The effect that sounds make when a person is talking inside an empty room vs a room filled with objects.

Answer 72

Reverberations

Question 73

Upon knowing that the signal-to-noise ratio of the recorded conversation, you would anticipate that ___________________________.

Answer 73

The noise will be louder than the conversation, making it difficult to hear.

Question 74

True or False. Vowels tend to be lower in frequency than consonants.

Answer 74

True.